๐พ Counting Animals โ ใฉใใถใคใใใใใ
๐พ Counting Animals โ ใฉใใถใคใใใใใ
Japanese uses special counting words called ใใใใใ๏ผๅฉๆฐ่ฉ๏ผโ counters depending on what you are counting. Animals have three main counters based on their size. This lesson covers all three, plus the tricky irregular readings for ใใฒใ.
๐ The Three Animal Counters
ใใฒใ๏ผใๅน๏ผโ Most Common
ใใฒใ / ใณใ / ใดใ
~hiki / biki / piki
Small to medium animals โ cats, dogs, fish, insects, rabbits (sometimes)
ใญใใใใใณใใใพใใ
There are three cats.
There are three cats.
ใใจใ๏ผใ้ ญ๏ผ
ใใจใ
~tou
Large animals โ horses, cows, elephants, whales, bears
ใใใใซใจใใใพใใ
There are two elephants.
There are two elephants.
ใใ๏ผใ็พฝ๏ผ
ใใ / ใฐ / ใฑ
~wa / ba / pa
Birds and rabbits (rabbits are counted with ็พฝ in traditional Japanese!)
ใจใใใใใใพใใ
There are five birds.
There are five birds.
๐ข Counting 1โ10 with Each Counter
Red = irregular reading โ these must be memorised. ใใฒใ has the most irregulars, so pay extra attention!
ใใฒใ๏ผๅน๏ผโ small animals
| 1 | ใใฃใดใ |
| 2 | ใซใฒใ |
| 3 | ใใใณใ |
| 4 | ใใใฒใ |
| 5 | ใใฒใ |
| 6 | ใใฃใดใ |
| 7 | ใชใชใฒใ |
| 8 | ใฏใฃใดใ |
| 9 | ใใ ใใฒใ |
| 10 | ใใ ใฃใดใ |
| ? | ใชใใณใ๏ผ |
ใใจใ๏ผ้ ญ๏ผโ large animals
| 1 | ใใฃใจใ |
| 2 | ใซใจใ |
| 3 | ใใใจใ |
| 4 | ใใใจใ |
| 5 | ใใจใ |
| 6 | ใใใจใ |
| 7 | ใชใชใจใ |
| 8 | ใฏใฃใจใ |
| 9 | ใใ ใใจใ |
| 10 | ใใ ใฃใจใ |
| ? | ใชใใจใ๏ผ |
ใใ๏ผ็พฝ๏ผโ birds & rabbits
| 1 | ใใกใ |
| 2 | ใซใ |
| 3 | ใใใ / ใใใฐ |
| 4 | ใใใ |
| 5 | ใใ |
| 6 | ใใใ |
| 7 | ใชใชใ |
| 8 | ใฏใกใ / ใฏใฃใฑ |
| 9 | ใใ ใใ |
| 10 | ใใ ใฃใฑ |
| ? | ใชใใ๏ผ |
๐ฌ Dialogues โ ใใใ
Six short conversations using animal counters in natural, everyday situations.
โ At the Pet Shop โ ใใใใทใงใใใง
A:
ใใฟใพใใใใญใใฏใชใใณใใใพใใ๏ผ
Sumimasen, neko wa nanbiki imasu ka?
Excuse me, how many cats are there?
B:
ใใพใใใใณใใใพใใ
Ima, sanbiki imasu.
There are three at the moment.
A:
ใใใใใงใใญ๏ผ
Kawaii desu ne!
They're so cute!
โก At the Zoo โ ใฉใใถใคใใใง
A:
ใใฎใใใฏใชใใจใใใพใใ๏ผ
Ano zou wa nantou imasu ka?
How many elephants are there over there?
B:
ใซใจใใใพใใใใใจใใฉใใงใใ
Nitou imasu. Oya to kodomo desu.
There are two. A parent and a child.
A:
ใใใใใงใใญ๏ผ
Ookii desu ne!
They're huge!
โข Fish Tank โ ใใใใ
A:
ใใใใใซใใใใใใชใใณใใใพใใ๏ผ
Suisou ni kingyo ga nanbiki imasu ka?
How many goldfish are in the tank?
B:
ใใฃใดใใใพใใใใใใใชใใใงใใใ
Roppiki imasu. Iroiro na iro desu yo.
There are six. All different colours!
A:
ใใใใงใใญ๏ผ
Kirei desu ne!
How beautiful!
โฃ Your Pets โ ใใชใใฎใใใ
A:
ใใใใใใฃใฆใใพใใ๏ผ
Petto wo katte imasu ka?
Do you have any pets?
B:
ใฏใใใญใใใซใฒใใจใใใใใใกใใใฃใฆใใพใใ
Hai. Neko wo nihiki to usagi wo ichiwa katte imasu.
Yes. I keep two cats and one rabbit.
A:
ใใใงใใญ๏ผใชใพใใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ
Ii desu ne! Namae wa arimasu ka?
How lovely! Do they have names?
โค Birds in the Park โ ใใใใใฎใจใ
A:
ใใฎใใซใจใใใชใใใใพใใ๏ผ
Ano ki ni tori ga nanwa imasu ka?
How many birds are in that tree?
B:
ใใใใฆใฟใพใโฆใใใงใ๏ผ
Kazoete mimasuโฆ gowa desu!
Let me countโฆ five!
A:
ใใใใชใใใงใใญใ
Kirei na koe desu ne.
They have such beautiful calls, don't they.
โฅ On the Farm โ ใฎใใใใใง
A:
ใใฎใฎใใใใใซใใใฏใชใใจใใใพใใ๏ผ
Kono noujou ni ushi wa nantou imasu ka?
How many cows are on this farm?
B:
ใใ
ใฃใจใใใพใใใพใใซใกใกใกใใจใใพใใ
Juttou imasu. Mainichi chichi wo torimasu.
There are ten. We take milk from them every day.
A:
ใใใใงใใญ๏ผ
Ooi desu ne!
That's a lot!
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for this topic โ animals, counters, and the verbs you need to talk about them.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใญใ๏ผ็ซ๏ผ | neko | cat | noun | counted with ใใฒใ |
| 2 | ใใฌ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผ | inu | dog | noun | counted with ใใฒใ |
| 3 | ใจใ๏ผ้ณฅ๏ผ | tori | bird | noun | counted with ใใ |
| 4 | ใใใช๏ผ้ญ๏ผ | sakana | fish | noun | counted with ใใฒใ |
| 5 | ใใใ๏ผๅ ๏ผ | usagi | rabbit | noun | traditionally counted with ใใ! |
| 6 | ใใ๏ผ่ฑก๏ผ | zou | elephant | noun | counted with ใใจใ |
| 7 | ใใพ๏ผ้ฆฌ๏ผ | uma | horse | noun | counted with ใใจใ |
| 8 | ใใ๏ผ็๏ผ | ushi | cow | noun | counted with ใใจใ |
| 9 | ใใใใ๏ผ้้ญ๏ผ | kingyo | goldfish | noun | ใใ=gold, ใใ=fish |
| 10 | ใใใ | petto | pet | noun | from English "pet" |
| 11 | ใฉใใถใคใใ๏ผๅ็ฉๅ๏ผ | doubutsuen | zoo | noun | ใฉใใถใค=animal, ใใ=garden |
| 12 | ใใใใ๏ผๆฐดๆงฝ๏ผ | suisou | fish tank / aquarium | noun | ใใ=water, ใใ=tank |
| 13 | ใฎใใใใ๏ผ่พฒๅ ด๏ผ | noujou | farm | noun | |
| 14 | ใใฒใ๏ผใๅน๏ผ | ~hiki | counter for small animals | counter | 1=ใใฃใดใ, 3=ใใใณใ, 6=ใใฃใดใ โ |
| 15 | ใใจใ๏ผใ้ ญ๏ผ | ~tou | counter for large animals | counter | fairly regular โ 1=ใใฃใจใ only oddity |
| 16 | ใใ๏ผใ็พฝ๏ผ | ~wa | counter for birds (and rabbits!) | counter | 3=ใใใ/ใใใฐ, 10=ใใ ใฃใฑ โ |
| 17 | ใใพใ | imasu | to be / to exist (living things) | verb | use ใใพใ for people & animals; ใใใพใ for objects |
| 18 | ใใใพใ๏ผ้ฃผใใพใ๏ผ | kaimasu | to keep / raise (a pet) | verb | ใใใใใใฃใฆใใพใ = I have a pet |
| 19 | ใใใใพใ๏ผๆฐใใพใ๏ผ | kazoemasu | to count | verb | ichidan verb: ใใใใ |
| 20 | ใฟใพใ๏ผ่ฆใพใ๏ผ | mimasu | to look at / watch | verb | ใฉใใถใคใใฟใพใ = I look at animals |
โ ใใพใ vs. ใใใพใ โ a vital distinction: When saying something exists or is somewhere, Japanese uses two different verbs. ใใพใ (imasu) is used for living things โ people, animals, insects. ใใใพใ (arimasu) is used for inanimate objects and plants. So ใญใใใใใณใใใพใ (there are three cats) but ใปใใใใใใคใใใพใ (there are three books). Getting this right sounds natural instantly. Bonus rabbit fact: ใใใ (rabbits) are traditionally counted with ใใ (the bird counter) because in old Japan, rabbits were classified as birds to get around meat-eating restrictions during Buddhist periods โ so ใใใใใซใใใฃใฆใใพใ is perfectly correct Japanese!