๐
Dates โ ใฒใฅใ๏ผๆฅไป๏ผ
How to say, ask, and understand dates in Japanese โ from today's date to planning your trip to Tokyo. Japanese dates are written and spoken largest to smallest: year โ month โ day.
๐ฌ Dialogues โ ใใใ
โ What's the Date Today? โ ใใใใฏใชใใซใก๏ผ
A:
ใใฟใพใใใใใใใฏใชใใซใกใงใใ๏ผ
Sumimasen, kyou wa nan-nichi desu ka?
Excuse me, what's the date today?
B:
ใใใใคใใ
ใใใซใกใงใใ
Roku-gatsu juugo-nichi desu.
It's the 15th of June.
A:
ใใใใใชใซใกใงใใ๏ผใฏใใใงใใญใ
Mou sonna nichi desu ka! Hayai desu ne.
It's already that date! Time flies.
โก What Day Is It? โ ใชใใใใณใงใใ๏ผ
A:
ใใใใฏใชใใใใณใงใใ๏ผ
Kyou wa nan-youbi desu ka?
What day of the week is it today?
B:
ใใใใใณใงใใ
Moku-youbi desu.
It's Thursday.
A:
ใใใใใใ
ใใพใคใฏใใใใใงใใญ๏ผ
Jaa, shuumatsu wa mousugu desu ne!
So the weekend is just around the corner!
โข When's Your Birthday? โ ใใใใใใณใฏใใค๏ผ
A:
ใใใใใใณใฏใใคใงใใ๏ผ
Tanjoubi wa itsu desu ka?
When is your birthday?
B:
ใใใใคใฟใฃใใงใใใใชใใฏ๏ผ
San-gatsu mikka desu. Anata wa?
It's the 3rd of March. And yours?
A:
ใใใใฏใใ
ใใซใใคใฏใคใใงใใ
Watashi wa juuni-gatsu hatsuka desu.
Mine is the 20th of December.
B:
ใฏใชในใในใฎใกใใใงใใญ๏ผ
Kurisumasu no chikaku desu ne!
That's close to Christmas!
โฃ Visiting Tokyo โ ใจใใใใใซใใค๏ผ
A:
ใจใใใใใซใฏใใคใใใใใใฆใใงใใ๏ผ
Toukyou ni wa itsu goro iku yotei desu ka?
When are you planning to visit Tokyo?
B:
ใใใญใใฎใใกใใคใซใใใใฆใใงใใ
Rainen no shichi-gatsu ni iku yotei desu.
I'm planning to go in July next year.
A:
ใชใใซใกใใใงใใ๏ผ
Nan-nichi goro desu ka?
Around what date?
B:
ใใ
ใใใซใกใใใฎใใฆใใงใใใใฎใใฟใงใ๏ผ
Juugo-nichi goro no yotei desu. Tanoshimi desu!
Around the 15th. I'm really looking forward to it!
โค Your Trip Dates โ ใใใใใฎใฒใฅใ
A:
ใซใปใใซใฏใชใใซใกใใใชใใซใกใพใงใใพใใ๏ผ
Nihon ni wa nan-nichi kara nan-nichi made imasu ka?
From what date to what date will you be in Japan?
B:
ใฏใกใใคใจใใใใใซใใ
ใใซใกใพใงใงใใ
Hachi-gatsu tooka kara nijuu-nichi made desu.
From August 10th to the 20th.
A:
ใใ
ใใซใกใใใงใใญ๏ผใใฎใใใงใใฆใใ ใใ๏ผ
Juuni-nichi kan desu ne! Tanoshinde kite kudasai!
That's twelve days! Enjoy your time there!
โฅ When Does It Start? โ ใใคใฏใใพใใพใใ๏ผ
A:
ใซใปใใใฎใใ
ใใใใฏใใคใฏใใพใใพใใ๏ผ
Nihongo no jugyou wa itsu hajimarimasu ka?
When do the Japanese classes start?
B:
ใใใคใคใใใกใใใคใใใณใใใงใใ
Ku-gatsu tsuitachi, getsu-youbi kara desu.
From the 1st of September, on a Monday.
A:
ใใใใพใใใใใฎใใฟใซใใฆใใพใ๏ผ
Wakarimashita. Tanoshimi ni shite imasu!
Got it. I'm really looking forward to it!
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 essential date-related words. Verbs are in polite masu-form.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type | Note |
| 1 | ใใใ๏ผไปๆฅ๏ผ | kyou | today | adverb | |
| 2 | ใใใ๏ผๆๆฅ๏ผ | ashita | tomorrow | adverb | also ใใ (asu) โ more formal |
| 3 | ใใฎใ๏ผๆจๆฅ๏ผ | kinou | yesterday | adverb | |
| 4 | ใฒ๏ผๆฅ๏ผ | hi | day | noun | general word for "day" |
| 5 | ใใซใก๏ผใๆฅ๏ผ | ~nichi | date / day counter | counter | ใชใใซใกใงใใ๏ผ= what date is it? |
| 6 | ใใใค๏ผใๆ๏ผ | ~gatsu | month (number) | counter | ใใใใค = June (6th month) |
| 7 | ใใญใ๏ผใๅนด๏ผ | ~nen | year | counter | ใซใใใซใใ
ใใใญใ = 2025 |
| 8 | ใใใณ๏ผๆๆฅ๏ผ | youbi | day of the week | noun | ใชใใใใณใงใใ๏ผ= what day is it? |
| 9 | ใใใใใใณ๏ผ่ช็ๆฅ๏ผ | tanjoubi | birthday | noun | ใใใใใใใณใใใงใจใ = happy birthday! |
| 10 | ใใ
ใใพใค๏ผ้ฑๆซ๏ผ | shuumatsu | weekend | noun | ใใ
ใ=week, ใพใค=end |
| 11 | ใใใฟ๏ผไผใฟ๏ผ | yasumi | holiday / day off | noun | ใใใใฟ = also "goodnight"! |
| 12 | ใใฆใ๏ผไบๅฎ๏ผ | yotei | plan / schedule | noun | ใใใใใฆใใงใ = I plan to ~ |
| 13 | ใใจใ๏ผไปๅนด๏ผ | kotoshi | this year | noun | |
| 14 | ใใใญใ๏ผๆฅๅนด๏ผ | rainen | next year | noun | ใใใใ
ใ = next week |
| 15 | ใใค | itsu | when | question | ใใใใใใณใฏใใค๏ผ= when is your birthday? |
| 16 | ใใพใใพใ๏ผ็ใพใใพใ๏ผ | umaremasu | to be born | verb | ใใคใใพใใพใใใ๏ผ= when were you born? |
| 17 | ใฏใใพใใพใ๏ผๅงใพใใพใ๏ผ | hajimarimasu | to begin / start | verb | godan verb |
| 18 | ใใใใพใ๏ผ็ตใใใพใ๏ผ | owarimasu | to end / finish | verb | godan verb |
| 19 | ใใฎใใฟใซใใพใ | tanoshimi ni shimasu | to look forward to | verb | ใใฎใใฟใซใใฆใใพใ = I'm looking forward to it |
| 20 | ใใผใใพใ๏ผ่ฆใใพใ๏ผ | oboemasu | to memorise / remember | verb | ichidan โ useful for memorising dates! |
๐๏ธ Extra โ Days of the Month๏ผใคใใใกใใใใใ
ใใใกใซใก๏ผ
The first ten days of the month all have special irregular readings โ these must be memorised. Days 11 onwards mostly follow a regular pattern (number + ใซใก), but watch out for 14, 20 and 24.
Irregular reading โ must be memorised
Regular reading (number + ใซใก)
1ๆฅ
ใคใใใก
tsuitachi
11ๆฅ
ใใ
ใใใกใซใก
juuichi-nichi
12ๆฅ
ใใ
ใใซใซใก
juuni-nichi
13ๆฅ
ใใ
ใใใใซใก
juusan-nichi
14ๆฅ
ใใ
ใใใฃใ
juuyokka โ
15ๆฅ
ใใ
ใใใซใก
juugo-nichi
16ๆฅ
ใใ
ใใใใซใก
juuroku-nichi
17ๆฅ
ใใ
ใใใกใซใก
juushichi-nichi
18ๆฅ
ใใ
ใใฏใกใซใก
juuhachi-nichi
19ๆฅ
ใใ
ใใใซใก
juuku-nichi
21ๆฅ
ใซใใ
ใใใกใซใก
nijuuichi-nichi
22ๆฅ
ใซใใ
ใใซใซใก
nijuuni-nichi
23ๆฅ
ใซใใ
ใใใใซใก
nijuusan-nichi
24ๆฅ
ใซใใ
ใใใฃใ
nijuuyokka โ
25ๆฅ
ใซใใ
ใใใซใก
nijuugo-nichi
26ๆฅ
ใซใใ
ใใใใซใก
nijuuroku-nichi
27ๆฅ
ใซใใ
ใใใกใซใก
nijuushichi-nichi
28ๆฅ
ใซใใ
ใใฏใกใซใก
nijuuhachi-nichi
29ๆฅ
ใซใใ
ใใใซใก
nijuuku-nichi
30ๆฅ
ใใใใ
ใใซใก
sanjuu-nichi
31ๆฅ
ใใใใ
ใใใกใซใก
sanjuuichi-nichi
Memory hook for the irregular dates: Days 1โ10 are the hardest โ they use old Japanese number words rather than the Chinese-derived numbers you already know. A useful trick: ใคใใใก (1st) is completely unique; ใจใใ (10th) sounds like ใจใ (ten, old style); and ใฏใคใ (20th) is the only other fully irregular one after 10. The three โ dates after 10 โ 14th, 24th (ใใ
ใใใฃใ / ใซใใ
ใใใฃใ) โ mirror the irregular reading of 4ๆฅ (ใใฃใ), so if you learn ใใฃใ you get all three for free.
๐ Extra โ Days of the Week โ ใใใณ๏ผๆๆฅ๏ผ
All seven days follow a regular pattern: element/concept + ใใใณ. Each day is named after a celestial body or natural element โ which makes them surprisingly easy to remember once you spot the pattern.
ๆ
ใใคใใใณ
getsu-youbi
Monday
๐ moon
็ซ
ใใใใณ
ka-youbi
Tuesday
๐ฅ fire
ๆฐด
ใใใใใณ
sui-youbi
Wednesday
๐ง water
ๆจ
ใใใใใณ
moku-youbi
Thursday
๐ณ wood
้
ใใใใใณ
kin-youbi
Friday
โจ gold
ๅ
ใฉใใใณ
do-youbi
Saturday
๐ earth
ๆฅ
ใซใกใใใณ
nichi-youbi
Sunday
โ๏ธ sun
The five elements + sun + moon: Japanese days of the week follow the classical East Asian five-element system โ fire (็ซ), water (ๆฐด), wood (ๆจ), gold/metal (้), earth (ๅ) โ plus the sun (ๆฅ) and moon (ๆ). This is the same system used in Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese calendars. Once you know the kanji, you will never forget the days: ้ใใใณ (gold day) is Friday โ perfect, since Friday is payday! Also note that ๆ (moon/Monday) is the same kanji used in ใใใค (month), and ๆฅ (sun/Sunday) is the same kanji used in ใซใก (day/date).
๐
Extra โ Months of the Year โ ใคใ๏ผๆ๏ผ
Months in Japanese are beautifully simple: just the number + ใใค. No special names like "January" or "February" โ just "1-month", "2-month" and so on. However, watch out for months 4, 7 and 9 which use irregular number readings.
Irregular number reading โ watch out!
Regular (number + ใใค)
1ๆ
ใใกใใค
ichi-gatsu
January
2ๆ
ใซใใค
ni-gatsu
February
3ๆ
ใใใใค
san-gatsu
March
4ๆ โ
ใใใค
shi-gatsu
April
5ๆ
ใใใค
go-gatsu
May
6ๆ
ใใใใค
roku-gatsu
June
7ๆ โ
ใใกใใค
shichi-gatsu
July
8ๆ
ใฏใกใใค
hachi-gatsu
August
9ๆ โ
ใใใค
ku-gatsu
September
10ๆ
ใใ
ใใใค
juu-gatsu
October
11ๆ
ใใ
ใใใกใใค
juuichi-gatsu
November
12ๆ
ใใ
ใใซใใค
juuni-gatsu
December
The three irregular months โ and a helpful connection: Months 4, 7 and 9 use the same irregular number readings as hours on the clock: 4ๆ = ใใใค (not ใใใใค), 7ๆ = ใใกใใค (not ใชใชใใค), 9ๆ = ใใใค (not ใใ
ใใใค). If you have already learned the clock lesson, you already know these! The full date format in Japanese runs year โ month โ day โ day-of-week, for example: ใซใใใซใใ
ใใใญใ ใใกใใค ใใ
ใใใซใก ใใใใใณ = Thursday, 15th July 2025. Note that Japanese puts the largest unit first โ the opposite of British date order (day/month/year) but logical once you get used to it.