Learning & Education
Japanese Basic Conversation 4
Chapter 5 ยท Learning & Education: Courses, Studying & Exams
๐ Learning & Education โ ใพใชใถ
This chapter is about studying: joining a course, going to a cram school (ใใ ใ), paying fees, sitting exams and hearing the results. The new pattern is ใใใใซ ("so that, in order to"), and we revisit ใใใใซ and ใใใใจใใใ. There is no romaji except in the vocabulary table. Each dialog is followed by a Words note with English meanings.
โ Joining a Course โ ใใใ
โก The Cram School โ ใใ ใ
โข Studying Tips โ ในใใใใใฎ ใใค
โฃ Exam Results โ ใใฃใ
โค The School Year โ ใใใใใ ใใฃใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite | Casual |
|---|---|---|
| Congratulations! | ใใใงใจใใใใใพใใ | ใใใงใจใ! |
| Good luck! | ใใใฐใฃใฆ ใใ ใใใ | ใใใฐใฃใฆ! |
| I passed. | ใใใใใใพใใใ | ใใใฃใ! |
| I failed. | ใตใใใใใงใใใ | ใใกใโฆ |
| Please teach me. | ใใใใฆ ใใ ใใใ | ใใใใฆใ |
| I don't understand. | ใใใใพใใใ | ใใใใชใใ |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใฆ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to pass (an exam) (G1 ยท irregular ใใ-verb) | ใใใใใใพใ | ใใใใใใ | ใใใใใใชใ | ใใใใใใฆ |
| to memorise (G2) | ใใผใใพใ | ใใผใใ | ใใผใใชใ | ใใผใใฆ |
| to attend regularly (G1) | ใใใใพใ | ใใใ | ใใใใชใ | ใใใฃใฆ |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใใใซ: so that, in order to
Use ใใใใซ for a goal you cannot fully control, or for a negative goal. It follows a plain verb, often the ใชใ-form or a potential verb: ใใใใชใใใใซ ใกใขใใพใ "I note it down so that I don't forget"; ใใ ใใใใใใใซ ใกใใใซ ใใใใพใ "I sit close so that I can hear well".
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| plain verb + ใใใซ + action | so that | ใญใผใใใชใใใใซใใใใพใใ 3ใค ใใใพใใ |
| ใชใ-form + ใใใซ | so that not | ใใใใชใใใใซใใฏใใ ใงใพใใ |
| potential + ใใใซ | so that I can | ใฏใชใใใใใซใใพใใซใก ใใใใ ใใใพใใ |
| plain verb + ใใใซ ใใฆ ใใ ใใ | please try to | ใพใใซใก ใใใใใซ ใใฆ ใใ ใใใ |
2. ใใใใซ vs. ใใใใซ
Both mean "in order to". ใใใใซ goes with an action you do on purpose (ใใใใใใ ใใใซ ในใใใใใใพใ), as taught in Japanese Basic Conversation 4 1. ใใใใซ goes with a result or ability, often not fully in your control (ใใใใใงใใใใใซ ในใใใใใใพใ).
| Use ใใใใซ whenโฆ | Use ใใใใซ whenโฆ |
|---|---|
| the goal is a deliberate action (ใใ) | the goal is a state or ability (ใงใใ, ใใใ, ใชใ-form) |
| ใใใ ใใ ใใใซ ใใใพใใ | ใใใ ใฒใใชใใใใซ ใใ ใคใใพใใ |
| ใใใใฎ ใใใซ ในใใใใใใพใใ | ใใใใซ ใใใใใใซ ในใใใใใใพใใ |
3. ใใใใจใใใ revisited
You met ใใใใจใใใ ("have done before") in earlier courses. It works here for study and exams: ใซใปใใใฎ ใใใใ ใใใ ใใจใ ใใใพใ "I have taken a Japanese exam"; the negative is ใใใใจใใใใพใใ. It tells a past experience, whereas ใใพใใ tells one event.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ใใ ใใซ ใใใฃใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใใ | ใฏใใใกใ ใใใใใใฎ ใจใใซ ใใใฃใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใ |
| ใใใใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใใ | ใใใใใใกใฉใ ใใใพใใใ |
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
Read the text with kanji (readings in brackets). If it's too hard, open the kana-only version below it. Then answer the true/false questions.
ๆฅๆฌ่ช(ใซใปใใ)ใฎ ใใใ
ๅปๅนด(ใใใญใ)ใฎ ๅไบๆ(ใใ ใใซใใค)ใๆฅๆฌ่ช่ฝๅ่ฉฆ้จ(ใซใปใใใฎใใใใใใใ)ใ ๅ(ใ)ใใพใใใๅๆ(ใใใค)ใใ ๅๅผท(ในใใใใ)ใ ใฏใใใพใใใใใใใชใใใใซใๆฏๆฅ(ใพใใซใก) ๆผขๅญ(ใใใ)ใ ๅ(ใใ ใ)ใ ๆธ(ใ)ใใพใใใไปไบ(ใใใจ)ใฎ ใใจใงใ้ฑ(ใใ ใ)ใซ ไบๅ(ใซใใ)ใๆฅๆฌ่ชๅญฆๆ ก(ใซใปใใใใฃใใ)ใซ ้(ใใ)ใใพใใใใฏใฉในใฎ ใจใใ ใกใจ ใใฃใใใซ ๅๅผทใใฆใใใฎใใใฃใใงใใใใใใฎ ๆฅ(ใฒ)ใฏใใจใฆใ ใใใกใใใใพใใใใงใใใใกใคใใใใซใใตใใ ใใใ ใใพใใใไธ(ใใก)ใๆ(ใใค)ใใจใใใฃใใ ใจใฉใใพใใใใๅๆ ผ(ใใใใ)ใใงใใ!ใใใใใฆใใใใซ ๅฎถๆ(ใใใ)ใซ ใงใใใใพใใใใคใใฏ ใใฃใจ ใใใใใ ใใใใซ ใกใใใใ ใใใใงใใ
Show the kana-only version
ใใใญใใฎ ใใ ใใซใใคใใซใปใใใฎใใใใใใใใ ใใใพใใใใใใคใใ ในใใใใใ ใฏใใใพใใใใใใใชใใใใซใใพใใซใก ใใใใ ใใ ใฃใ ใใใพใใใใใใจใฎ ใใจใงใใใ ใใซ ใซใใใใซใปใใใใฃใใใซ ใใใใพใใใใฏใฉในใฎ ใจใใ ใกใจ ใใฃใใใซ ในใใใใใใฆใใใฎใใใฃใใงใใใใใใฎ ใฒใฏใใจใฆใ ใใใกใใใใพใใใใงใใใใกใคใใใใซใใตใใ ใใใ ใใพใใใใใฃใใใคใใจใใใฃใใ ใจใฉใใพใใใใใใใใใใงใใ!ใใใใใฆใใใใซ ใใใใซ ใงใใใใพใใใใคใใฏ ใใฃใจ ใใใใใ ใใใใซ ใกใใใใ ใใใใงใใ
English: Last December I took the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test. I began studying in April. So that I wouldn't forget, I wrote ten kanji every day. After work I went to a Japanese school twice a week. Studying with my classmates was fun. On the day of the test I was very nervous. But I breathed deeply so that I would calm down. A month later the result arrived. It said "pass"! I was so happy that I phoned my family at once. Next I want to try a harder exam.
Words: ใใใกใใใใพใ be nervous ยท ใใกใคใใพใ calm down ยท ใใใ ใใพใ breathe ยท ใใใ family ยท ใฎใใใใ ability
1. The writer began studying in December.
Show answer
False: they began in April; December was the exam.
2. They wrote kanji every day to avoid forgetting.
Show answer
True: ใใใใชใใใใซโฆๆธใใพใใ.
3. They attended school twice a week.
Show answer
True: ้ฑใซไบๅ.
4. They failed the exam.
Show answer
False: the result was ๅๆ ผ (pass).
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for studying. This table is the only place with romaji: use the Say it column.
| # | Japanese | Say it | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใใ (่ฌๅบง) | kลza | course (of lessons) | noun |
| 2 | ใใ ใ (ๅกพ) | juku | cram school | noun |
| 3 | ใใใ (่ฉฆ้จ) | shiken | exam | noun |
| 4 | ใใใใ (ๅๆ ผ) | gลkaku | passing | noun |
| 5 | ใตใใใใ (ไธๅๆ ผ) | fugลkaku | failing | noun |
| 6 | ใใใฒ (ๅญฆ่ฒป) | gakuhi | tuition fees | noun |
| 7 | ใใฃใ (็ตๆ) | kekka | result | noun |
| 8 | ใซใ ใใใ (ๅ ฅๅญฆ) | nyลซgaku | entering a school | noun |
| 9 | ใใคใใใ (ๅๆฅญ) | sotsugyล | graduation | noun |
| 10 | ใใ ใใใ (ๆๆฅญ) | jugyล | class, lesson | noun |
| 11 | ใใ ใใ ใ (ๅฎฟ้ก) | shukudai | homework | noun |
| 12 | ใใผใ | nลto | notebook | noun |
| 13 | ใใฃใ (ๅญฆๆ) | gakki | school term | noun |
| 14 | ใใใใพใ (้ใใพใ) | kayoimasu | attend regularly | verb |
| 15 | ใใใพใ (ๅใใพใ) | ukemasu | take (a test) | verb |
| 16 | ใใผใใพใ (่ฆใใพใ) | oboemasu | memorise | verb |
| 17 | ใใใใพใ (ๅฟใใพใ) | wasuremasu | forget | verb |
| 18 | ใคใฅใใพใ (็ถใใพใ) | tsuzukemasu | continue | verb |
| 19 | ใใใฐใใพใ (้ ๅผตใใพใ) | ganbarimasu | do one's best | verb |
| 20 | ใกใใใใใใพใ (ๆๆฆใใพใ) | chลsen shimasu | challenge, try | verb |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "I study every day so that I can speak Japanese."
Show answer
ใซใปใใใ ใฏใชใใใใใซใใพใใซใก ในใใใใใใพใใ
2. Say "I set an alarm so that I don't oversleep."
Show answer
ใญใผใใใชใใใใซใใใใพใใ ใใใพใใ
3. Ask "Have you ever taken a Japanese exam?"
Show answer
ใซใปใใใฎ ใใใใ ใใใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใใ
4. Which fits: ใใใใใใ (ใใใซ / ใใใซ) ในใใใใใใพใ?
Show answer
ใใใซ, because ใใใใใใ is a deliberate action. (ใใใใใงใใ ใใใซ is also fine.)
5. Congratulate a friend who passed.
Show answer
ใใใใ ใใใงใจใ!
6. When does the Japanese school year start?
Show answer
In April (4ใใค).