Opinions & Preferences

Japanese Basic Conversation 2

Chapter 11 ยท Giving Opinions & Preferences

๐Ÿ’ญ Opinions & Preferences โ€” ใ„ใ‘ใ‚“ใจ ใ“ใฎใฟ

So far you have said what is true and what you like. Now you say what you think, and why. This chapter gives you ใ€œใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ ("I think that ..."), the question ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ ("why?") with its answer ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ ("because ..."), the connectors ใงใ‚‚ ("but") and ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ("so"), and ways of agreeing and disagreeing without giving offence. It also tidies up ใ€œใฎใปใ†ใŒ and ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ from Chapter 6. Each dialog has a Hard words note instead of a romaji line.

โ‘  What Do You Think? โ€” ใฉใ† ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹

A: How is Japanese food?
B: I think it's delicious.
A: Do you think it's expensive?
B: No, I don't think it's very expensive.
A: Really?
Hard words: ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ oishii to omoimasu ยท ใŸใ‹ใใชใ„ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ takakunai to omoimasu

โ‘ก Why? โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ?

A: Which do you like, summer or winter?
B: I like winter better.
A: Why?
B: Because winter is quiet.
A: I see. I like summer. Because I like the sea.
Hard words: ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ dลshite ยท ใ—ใšใ‹ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ shizuka da kara desu ยท ใ™ใใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ suki da kara desu

โ‘ข Agreeing and Disagreeing โ€” ใ•ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใƒปใฏใ‚“ใŸใ„

A: I think this film is interesting.
B: I think so too.
A: But don't you think it's a bit long?
B: Hmm, I think differently, a little.
A: I see. That's a point.
Hard words: ใใ† ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ sล omoimasu ยท ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ omoimasen ka ยท ใกใŒใ†ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ chigau to omoimasu ยท ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉ naruhodo

โ‘ฃ Train or Bus? โ€” ใงใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒใ‹ ใƒใ‚นใ‹

A: Which is more convenient, the train or the bus?
B: I think the train is more convenient.
A: Why?
B: Because it's fast.
A: But the bus is cheap.
B: That's why I sometimes take the bus.
Hard words: ในใ‚“ใ‚Š benri ยท ในใ‚“ใ‚Šใ ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ benri da to omoimasu ยท ใฏใ‚„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ hayai kara ยท ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ dakara ยท ใฎใ‚Šใพใ™ norimasu

โ‘ค A Recommendation โ€” ใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚

A: Is there a book you'd recommend?
B: I think this one is good.
A: What kind of story is it?
B: A mystery. I don't think it's difficult.
A: Thank you. Then I'll buy this one.
Hard words: ใŠใ™ใ™ใ‚ osusume ยท ใฏใชใ— hanashi ("story") ยท ใ‚€ใšใ‹ใ—ใใชใ„ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ muzukashikunai to omoimasu

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: What do you think of that ramen shop?
B: I think it's good.
A: Really?
B: Yeah. Because it's cheap.
Hard words: ใƒฉใƒผใƒกใƒณใ‚„ใ•ใ‚“ rฤmen-ya-san ("the ramen shop") ยท ใŠใ‚‚ใ† omou (plain of ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™) ยท ใ‚„ใ™ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ yasui kara ("because it's cheap")

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
I think it's good.
Ii to omoimasu.

Ii to omou.
What do you think?
Dล omoimasu ka.

Dล omou?
Why?
Dลshite desu ka.

Nande?
Because ...
... kara desu.

... kara.
I think so too.
Watashi mo sล omoimasu.

Watashi mo sล omou.
I think differently.
Chotto chigau to omoimasu.

Chotto chigau to omou.

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

Verbs for opinions and getting around. The plain form is now important: it goes before ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™.

VerbPolite (present)NegativePlain (dictionary)
to think (ใŠใ‚‚ใ†)
omoimasu

omoimasen

omou
to think about, consider (ใ‹ใ‚“ใŒใˆใ‚‹)
kangaemasu

kangaemasen

kangaeru
to ride; to take (a vehicle) (ใฎใ‚‹)
norimasu

norimasen

noru

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. ใ€œใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™: "I think that ..."

Put what you think before ใจ in the plain form, then ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™: "I think it's delicious." The part before ใจ is the thought; the polite ending belongs only to ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™. The plain form of the three types of word is:

Word typePlain positive + ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™Plain negative + ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™
ใ„-adjective
takai to omoimasu

takakunai to omoimasu
ใช-adjective
benri da to omoimasu

benri ja nai to omoimasu
noun
ame da to omoimasu

ame ja nai to omoimasu
verb
iku to omoimasu

ikanai to omoimasu
Watch out: ใ  stays with nouns and ใช-adjectives In the plain form ใงใ™ becomes ใ , and before ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ it must be said: ในใ‚“ใ‚Šใ ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™, ใ‚ใ‚ใ ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™, not ในใ‚“ใ‚Šใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™. An ใ„-adjective takes no ใ : ใŸใ‹ใ„ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ (never ใŸใ‹ใ„ใ ใจ).

2. Asking opinions, and answering

QuestionAnswer
What do you think? I think ...
Do you think ...? Yes, I think so.
No, I don't think so.
Don't you think ...? Yes, I think so too.

3. Comparing and choosing: ใฉใกใ‚‰ใŒ and ใ€œใฎใปใ†ใŒ

From Chapter 6: ask and answer Now you can combine it with an opinion: "I think the train is more convenient."

4. Giving reasons: ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ ... ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™

Ask ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ (or the more formal ใชใœ) and answer with the reason followed by ใ‹ใ‚‰. Before ใ‹ใ‚‰ the reason is in the plain form, with ใ  after nouns and ใช-adjectives:

ReasonPatternExample
ใ„-adjectiveplain + ใ‹ใ‚‰ Because it's fast.
ใช-adjectivestem + ใ  + ใ‹ใ‚‰ Because it's quiet.
nounnoun + ใ  + ใ‹ใ‚‰ Because (he) is a friend.
verbplain verb + ใ‹ใ‚‰ Because I have no time.

5. Connecting sentences: ใงใ‚‚, ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰, ใใ‚Œใซ

WordMeaningExample
demobut
dakaraso, therefore
sorenibesides, moreover
soshiteand (then)

6. Disagreeing politely

A flat ใกใŒใ„ใพใ™ ("that's wrong") sounds harsh. Japanese softens with ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ, with a pause (ใ†ใƒผใ‚“โ€ฆ) and with ใ€œใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ ("I think it's different"), and often agrees first before giving the other view.

PurposeSay
Agree strongly
Show you understand
Agree, then add a different view
Disagree softly

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for opinions and reasons.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1omoimasuthinkverb
2kangaemasuthink about; considerverb
3dลshitewhyadverb
4nazewhy (more formal)adverb
5... karabecauseparticle
6demobutconnector
7dakaraso, that's whyconnector
8sorenibesidesconnector
9sล omoimasuI think sophrase
10ikenopinionnoun
11benriconvenientna-adj.
12fubeninconvenientna-adj.
13hayaifast; earlyi-adj.
14osoislow; latei-adj.
15anzensafena-adj.
16norimasuride, take (a vehicle)verb
17basubusnoun
18hontล nireally, trulyadverb
19tashika niindeed, you're rightadverb
20naruhodoI see; that makes sensephrase
Real Japanese Tip โ€” "I Think" as a Softener Japanese speakers add ใ€œใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ constantly, even for things they are fairly sure of, because a plain flat statement can sound too sharp, too sure of itself. ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ is correct; ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ sounds more modest and thoughtful. In writing and in business Japanese, the habit is stronger still. For you, using ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ is an easy way to sound polite while giving an opinion.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” ใฏใ„ Does Not Always Mean "I Agree" When you are speaking, a Japanese listener will say ใฏใ„, ใˆใˆ or ใใ†ใงใ™ใญ and nod frequently. These small responses (ใ‚ใ„ใฅใก) usually mean "I'm listening", not "I agree". To find out whether someone really agrees, ask ใฉใ† ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ and listen for what follows. And you should do the same: nod and say ใใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ and ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉ to show you are following.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Reasons Come Last Look at the order in ใ—ใšใ‹ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™: the reason first, ใ‹ใ‚‰ after. English puts "because" at the start. In Japanese the reason often comes after the main statement: ใตใ‚†ใฎ ใปใ†ใŒ ใ™ใใงใ™ใ€‚ใ—ใšใ‹ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚ There is a more formal way to give reasons with ใ€œใฎใง, which you will meet in the grammar courses; ใ‹ใ‚‰ is perfectly good here.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ๆ€ ่€ƒ ๅฅฝ ๆ€ (omou, shi) is "to think"; you will see it in ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™. ่€ƒ (kangaeru, kล) is "to think about": ่€ƒใˆใพใ™. ๅฅฝ (suki) is "like", as in Chapter 2: ๅฅฝใ. Have a look: ๅฅฝ โ–ธ (pages for ๆ€ and ่€ƒ are not on the site yet).

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Say "I think it's cheap."

Show answer

2. Say "I think Tokyo is convenient."

Show answer

ใ  with the ใช-adjective.

3. Say "I don't think it's difficult."

Show answer

4. You're asked "Why?" and want to say "Because it's quiet."

Show answer

5. Say "I like the train better, because it's fast."

Show answer

6. Disagree politely: "I think it's a bit different."

Show answer

Coming Up in Chapter 12 The last chapter of the course: when things go wrong. ใชใใ—ใพใ—ใŸ, ใŠใจใ—ใพใ—ใŸ, ใŠใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ, ใ“ใพใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™, ใ€œใŒ ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“, the police box, the lost-property office and the emergency numbers 110 and 119, with ใŸใ™ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„.