Telling a Story
Japanese Basic Conversation 4
Chapter 7 ยท Telling a Story: Anecdotes, Incidents & What Happened Next
๐ฃ๏ธ Telling a Story โ ใฏใชใ
To tell a funny or surprising story you need three things: background (ใใฆใใพใใ: "I was doingโฆ"), a turning point (ใใฎใจใ, ใจใใใ) and what happened next (ใใใ, ใใใง, ใใใใใ). There is no romaji except in the vocabulary table. Each dialog is followed by a Words note with English meanings.
โ Starting a Story โ ใฏใชใใฎ ใฏใใพใ
โก A Mix-up โ ใใใกใใ
โข A Missed Train โ ใฎใใใใ
โฃ A Childhood Memory โ ใใฉใใฎ ใใ
โค A Surprise Ending โ ใใก
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite | Casual |
|---|---|---|
| Listen to this. | ใใใฆ ใใ ใใใ | ใญใใใใใฆใ |
| Then what? | ใใใง ใฉใ ใชใใพใใใใ | ใใใง? |
| Really? | ใใใงใใใใปใใจใใงใใใ | ใใ!ใพใใง? |
| That's funny. | ใใใใใใงใใญใ | ใใใ! |
| Actually... | ใใคใฏโฆ | ใใคใฏใโฆ |
| I was surprised. | ใณใฃใใใใพใใใ | ใณใฃใใใใ! |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใฆ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to catch (G2) | ใคใใพใใพใ | ใคใใพใใ | ใคใใพใใชใ | ใคใใพใใฆ |
| to turn round (G1) | ใตใใใใพใ | ใตใใใ | ใตใใใใชใ | ใตใใใใฆ |
| to be surprised (irregular ใใ-verb) | ใณใฃใใใใพใ | ใณใฃใใใใ | ใณใฃใใใใชใ | ใณใฃใใใใฆ |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใฆใใพใใ: what was going on
Use ใฆ-form + ใใพใใ to set the scene: an action in progress in the past, or a state that lasted. ใปใใ ใใใงใใพใใ "I was reading a book"; ใใชใใซ ใใใงใใพใใ "I used to live in the countryside". It paints the background; the next event, in the plain past (ใใพใใ), breaks in.
| Background (ใใฆใใพใใ) | Event (ใใพใใ) |
|---|---|
| ใใใง ใพใฃใฆใใใจใใ | ใใใ ใใใใใพใใใ |
| ใใฌใใ ใฟใฆใใใใ | ใงใใใ ใใใพใใใ |
| ใใใใฆใใใจใใ | ใจใใ ใกใซ ใใใพใใใ |
2. ใใใ: when, upon doing
Make the plain past + ใ to say "when / after / if": ใตใใใใใใใใใชใ ใฒใจใงใใ "when I turned round, it was a stranger". In stories it often introduces a surprise. Unlike ใใจ (Japanese Basic Conversation 4 6), ใใใ can be followed by a request, a wish or an invitation: ใใใ ใตใฃใใใใใใซ ใใฆ ใใ ใใ.
| Form | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| verb plain past + ใ | ใใใใใใญใใ ใใพใใใ | When I opened it, a cat was there |
| ใ-adj: ใใใฃใใ | ใใใใฃใใใใใใพใใ | If it's cheap, I'll buy it |
| noun / ใช-adj: ใใ ใฃใใ | ใฒใพใ ใฃใใใใใฆ ใใ ใใใ | If you are free, please come |
3. Story connectors
| Connector | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ใใคใฏ | "actually": introduces the real point | ใใคใฏใใใฃใฑใใใใใงใใ |
| ใใฎใจใ | "at that moment": turning point | ใใฎใจใใใงใใใ ใชใใพใใใ |
| ใจใใใ | "but then": an unexpected twist | ใจใใใใใ ใใ ใใพใใใงใใใ |
| ใใใง | "and so": consequence, or "and then?" | ใใใงใใฉใ ใใพใใใใ |
| ใใใใใ | "and then": what happened next | ใใใใใใใใใ ใตใใพใใใ |
| ใใใใซ | "finally" | ใใใใซใใฟใใชใง ใใใใพใใใ |
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
Read the text with kanji (readings in brackets). If it's too hard, open the kana-only version below it. Then answer the true/false questions.
ใพใใใใฎ ่ฉฑ(ใฏใชใ)
ๅ ๆ(ใใใใค)ใๅ้(ใจใใ ใก)ใจ ๅฑฑ(ใใพ)ใธ ใใคใญใณใฐใซ ่ก(ใ)ใใพใใใๅคฉๆฐ(ใฆใใ)ใ ใใใฃใใฎใงใๆฅฝ(ใใฎ)ใใ ๆญฉ(ใใ)ใใฆใใพใใใใจใใใใๅ็(ใใใใ)ใ ใจใฃใฆใใใใๅ้ใ ใใชใ ใชใฃใฆใใพใใใๅๅ(ใชใพใ)ใ ใใใงใใใธใใใ ใใใพใใใใใฎใจใใ่ฟ(ใกใ)ใใใ ใใใใซ ใใใ ใใพใใใ่กใฃใฆ ใฟใใใๅ้ใฏ ๆจ(ใ)ใฎ ไธ(ใใ)ใง ใญใฆใใพใใ!ใใคใใใใใ ใกใใฃใจ ใใใใงใใใใจ ่จ(ใ)ใใพใใใใใใใฏ ใใใใใ ๅ (ใใ)ใซ ใใใฃใฆ ใใพใใพใใใใใใใใใๅ้ใ ใใใใ ใใฆใไบไบบ(ใตใใ)ใง ๅฑฑใ ใใใพใใใ
Show the kana-only version
ใใใใคใใจใใ ใกใจ ใใพใธ ใใคใญใณใฐใซ ใใใพใใใใฆใใใ ใใใฃใใฎใงใใใฎใใ ใใใใฆใใพใใใใจใใใใใใใใใ ใจใฃใฆใใใใใจใใ ใกใ ใใชใ ใชใฃใฆใใพใใใใชใพใใ ใใใงใใใธใใใ ใใใพใใใใใฎใจใใใกใใใใ ใใใใซ ใใใ ใใพใใใใใฃใฆ ใฟใใใใจใใ ใกใฏ ใใฎ ใใใง ใญใฆใใพใใ!ใใคใใใใใ ใกใใฃใจ ใใใใงใใใใจ ใใใพใใใใใใใฏ ใใใใใ ใใใซ ใใใฃใฆ ใใพใใพใใใใใใใใใใจใใ ใกใ ใใใใ ใใฆใใตใใใง ใใพใ ใใใพใใใ
English: Last month I went hiking in the mountains with a friend. The weather was good, so we were walking happily. But while I was taking photos, my friend had disappeared. I called their name, but there was no answer. Just then I heard a faint voice nearby. When I went to look, my friend was asleep under a tree! They said, "I was tired so I was resting a little." I burst out laughing before I could get angry. Then my friend started laughing too, and we went down the mountain together.
Words: ใพใใใ lost person ยท ใธใใ reply ยท ใใใใซ faintly ยท ใใใใ ใใพใ burst out laughing ยท ใใใ ใใใซ before
1. They went hiking with a friend.
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True: ๅ้ใจ ๅฑฑใธ ใใคใญใณใฐใซ.
2. The friend disappeared while the writer was taking photos.
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True: ๅ็ใ ใจใฃใฆใใใใๅ้ใ ใใชใ ใชใฃใฆใใพใใ.
3. The friend was lost and in trouble.
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False: the friend was simply resting under a tree.
4. The writer got angry.
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False: they laughed first (ใใใฃใฆ ใใพใใพใใ).
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for telling stories. This table is the only place with romaji: use the Say it column.
| # | Japanese | Say it | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใฏใชใ (่ฉฑ) | hanashi | story, talk | noun |
| 2 | ใใใใง (ๆใๅบ) | omoide | memory | noun |
| 3 | ใใชใ (็ฐ่) | inaka | countryside | noun |
| 4 | ใฒใจใกใใ (ไบบ้ใ) | hitochigai | mistaken identity | noun |
| 5 | ใใใใ (็ฅใๅใ) | shiriai | acquaintance | noun |
| 6 | ใใจ (้ณ) | oto | sound | noun |
| 7 | ใใคใฏ (ๅฎใฏ) | jitsu wa | actually | phrase |
| 8 | ใใฎใจใ | sono toki | at that moment | phrase |
| 9 | ใจใใใ | tokoroga | but then, however | phrase |
| 10 | ใใใง | sorede | and so, and then | phrase |
| 11 | ใใใใใ | sล shitara | and then, whereupon | phrase |
| 12 | ใใใใซ (ๆๅพใซ) | saigo ni | finally | phrase |
| 13 | ใณใฃใใใใพใ | bikkuri shimasu | be surprised | verb |
| 14 | ใคใใพใใพใ | tsukamaemasu | catch | verb |
| 15 | ใตใใใใพใ | furimukimasu | turn round | verb |
| 16 | ใพใกใใใพใ (้้ใใพใ) | machigaemasu | make a mistake | verb |
| 17 | ใใใใพใ (็ฌใใพใ) | waraimasu | laugh | verb |
| 18 | ใฎใใใใใพใ (ไนใ้ ใใพใ) | norioku remasu | miss (a train) | verb |
| 19 | ใใใ (ๆใ) | kowai | scary | ใ-adj |
| 20 | ใใใใใ (้ข็ฝใ) | omoshiroi | funny, interesting | ใ-adj |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "I was reading a book when the phone rang."
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ใปใใ ใใใงใใใจใใใงใใใ ใชใใพใใใ
2. Say "When I opened the door, it was my brother."
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ใใขใ ใใใใใใใจใใจใงใใใ
3. Give a twist to: ใฆใใใ ใใใฃใใงใใ (beginning with "but then")
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ใจใใใใใใ ใใซ ใใใ ใตใใ ใใพใใใ (An example; any twist works.)
4. Why is ใใใ ใฒใพใ ใฃใใใใใใณใพใใใ fine with ใใใ but not with ใใจ?
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ใใใ can be followed by an invitation or request; ใใจ cannot.
5. Ask the storyteller to continue.
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ใใใง?ใฉใ ใชใใพใใใใ
6. Tell, in three short sentences, a story from your week using ใใคใฏ, ใใฎใจใ and ใใใใซ.
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Free answer. Example: ใใคใฏใใใใ ใใใใพใใใใใฎใจใใใใใ ใตใใพใใใใใใใซใใจใใ ใกใ ใใใ ใใใฆ ใใใพใใใ