Relationships & Celebrations
Japanese Basic Conversation 4
Chapter 10 ยท Relationships & Celebrations: Friends, Dating, Weddings & Family Events
๐ Relationships & Celebrations โ ใใใใ
Sooner or later you will be invited to a wedding, congratulate a friend on a new baby, or share news about your own life. This chapter teaches ใใใจใซใใพใใ ("I decided toโฆ") and ใใใจใซใชใใพใใ ("it has been decided thatโฆ / it turned out thatโฆ"), plus the etiquette of gifts and greetings. There is no romaji except in the vocabulary table. Each dialog is followed by a Words note with English meanings.
โ Big News โ ใ ใใใฅใผใน
โก The Invitation โ ใใใใใใใใ
โข The Gift โ ใใใ ใใ
โฃ A New Baby โ ใใใกใใ
โค A Family Event โ ใใใใฎ ใใใใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite | Casual |
|---|---|---|
| Congratulations! | ใใใงใจใใใใใพใใ | ใใใงใจใ! |
| Congratulations on your wedding. | ใใใฃใใ ใใใงใจใใใใใพใใ | ใใฃใใ ใใใงใจใ! |
| Please be happy. | ใใใใใใซใ | ใใใใใซ ใญใ |
| I'm looking forward to it. | ใใฎใใฟใซ ใใฆใใพใใ | ใใฎใใฟ! |
| Thank you for your invitation. | ใใพใญใ ใใใใจใใใใใพใใ | ใใใงใใใฆ ใใใใจใใ |
| I'm sorry for your loss. | ใใฎใใณใฏ ใใใ ใใใใใใพใงใใ | ใใใธใใ ใฃใใญใ |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใฆ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| to decide (G2) | ใใใพใ | ใใใ | ใใใชใ | ใใใฆ |
| to go out with, date (G1) | ใคใใใใพใ | ใคใใใ | ใคใใใใชใ | ใคใใใฃใฆ |
| to get married (irregular ใใ-verb) | ใใฃใใใใพใ | ใใฃใใใใ | ใใฃใใใใชใ | ใใฃใใใใฆ |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใใจใซ ใใพใใ: I decided to
Plain verb + ใใจใซ ใใพใ / ใใพใใ means you made the decision yourself: ใใชใใธ ใฒใฃใใ ใใจใซ ใใพใใ "I decided to move to the countryside". The negative uses the ใชใ-form: ใใใชใ ใใจใซ ใใพใใ "I decided not to go". To say the decision still stands, use ใใใจใซ ใใฆใใพใ ("I've made it a rule toโฆ").
2. ใใใจใซ ใชใใพใใ: it was decided / it turned out
Plain verb + ใใจใซ ใชใใพใใ means a decision made by circumstances or other people, or simply how things turned out: ใใใใค ใจใใใใใธ ใใ ใใจใซ ใชใใพใใ "it's been arranged that I'll go to Tokyo next month". It sounds modest and is common for announcing weddings, transfers and plans.
| ใใใจใซ ใใพใใ (my decision) | ใใใจใซ ใชใใพใใ (it worked out so) |
|---|---|
| ใใฃใใใใ ใใจใซ ใใพใใใ We decided to marry. | ใใฃใใใใ ใใจใซ ใชใใพใใใ We are to be married. (the polite announcement) |
| ใใใจใ ใใใ ใใจใซ ใใพใใใ I decided to change jobs. | ใใใจใ ใใใ ใใจใซ ใชใใพใใใ It's turned out that I'll change jobs. |
| ใใใชใ ใใจใซ ใใพใใใ I decided not to go. | ใใใชใ ใใจใซ ใชใใพใใใ It turned out I can't go. |
3. Gifts and etiquette phrases
| Japanese | Meaning |
|---|---|
| ใคใพใใชใ ใใฎใงใใ | "it's nothing much, butโฆ" (humble gift line) |
| ใปใใฎ ใใใกใงใ | "just a token of my feelings" |
| ใใใใ | return gift |
| ใใใใใฅใใ ใใใใจใใใใใพใ | "thank you for your thoughtfulness" |
| ใใใใฆ ใใใ ใใพใ | "I will (humbly) doโฆ", as in ใใ ใฃใใใใใฆ ใใใ ใใพใ |
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
Read the text with kanji (readings in brackets). If it's too hard, open the kana-only version below it. Then answer the true/false questions.
ๅ้(ใจใใ ใก)ใฎ ็ตๅฉๅผ(ใใฃใใใใ)
ๅ ๆ(ใใใใค)ใๅคงๅญฆ(ใ ใใใ)ใฎ ๅ้ใฎ ็ตๅฉๅผใซ ๅบๅธญ(ใใ ใฃใใ)ใใพใใใๆๅพ ็ถ(ใใใใใใใใ)ใ ไธใๆ(ใใใใใค)ใพใใซ ใจใฉใใฆใใใใซ ่ฟไบ(ใธใใ)ใ ๅบ(ใ )ใใพใใใๆ(ใตใ)ใฏ ็ฝ(ใใ)ใ ใใใฆใใใผใฏในใผใใซ ใใพใใใใ็ฅ(ใใ)ใใฎ ใ้(ใใญ)ใฏใๆฐใใ ใๆญ(ใใค)ใ ็ฅๅ่ข(ใใ ใใใถใใ)ใซ ๅ ฅ(ใ)ใใฆใๅไป(ใใใคใ)ใง ใใใใพใใใๅผ(ใใ)ใฏ ๆไผ(ใใใใใ)ใงใๆฐ้(ใใใใ)ใจ ๆฐๅฉฆ(ใใใท)ใฏ ใจใฆใ ใใใใใใใงใใใใใฎใใจใใใผใใฃใผใง ๆ็(ใใใใ)ใ ้ฃ(ใ)ในใชใใใใฟใใชใง ่ฉฑ(ใฏใช)ใใพใใใใใใใซใๅผ(ใฒ)ใๅบ็ฉ(ใงใใฎ)ใ ใใใฃใฆใๅฎถ(ใใ)ใซ ๅธฐ(ใใ)ใใพใใใๅ้ใฏใใพใ ไผ(ใ)ใใใญใใจ ่จ(ใ)ใฃใฆ ใใใพใใใ
Show the kana-only version
ใใใใคใใ ใใใใฎ ใจใใ ใกใฎ ใใฃใใใใใซ ใใ ใฃใใใใพใใใใใใใใใใใใ ใใใใใคใพใใซ ใจใฉใใฆใใใใซ ใธใใใ ใ ใใพใใใใตใใฏ ใใใ ใใใฆใใใผใฏในใผใใซ ใใพใใใใใใใใฎ ใใใญใฏใใใใใใ ใใใคใ ใใ ใใใถใใใซ ใใใฆใใใใคใใง ใใใใพใใใใใใฏ ใใใใใใงใใใใใใจ ใใใทใฏ ใจใฆใ ใใใใใใใงใใใใใฎใใจใใใผใใฃใผใง ใใใใใ ใในใชใใใใฟใใชใง ใฏใชใใพใใใใใใใซใใฒใใงใใฎใ ใใใฃใฆใใใใซ ใใใใพใใใใจใใ ใกใฏใใพใ ใใใใญใใจ ใใฃใฆ ใใใพใใใ
English: Last month I attended the wedding of a university friend. The invitation had arrived three months earlier, and I replied at once. I avoided white clothes and chose a dark suit. I put new banknotes into a gift envelope and handed it over at the reception desk. The ceremony was in a church, and the bride and groom looked very happy. Afterwards, at the party, we talked while eating. At the end I received a gift to take home and went home. My friend said "let's meet again".
Words: ใใใคใ reception desk ยท ใใใใ / ใใใท groom / bride ยท ใใใใใ church ยท ใฒใใงใใฎ gift for guests to take home ยท ใใผใฏในใผใ dark suit
1. The writer attended the wedding of a work colleague.
Show answer
False: a university friend (ๅคงๅญฆใฎ ๅ้).
2. The writer wore white.
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False: they avoided white and wore a dark suit.
3. The money was put into a special envelope.
Show answer
True: ็ฅๅ่ขใซ ๅ ฅใใฆ.
4. The guests went home empty-handed.
Show answer
False: they received a gift (ๅผใๅบ็ฉ) to take home.
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for relationships and celebrations. This table is the only place with romaji: use the Say it column.
| # | Japanese | Say it | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใฃใใ (็ตๅฉ) | kekkon | marriage | noun |
| 2 | ใใฃใใใใ (็ตๅฉๅผ) | kekkonshiki | wedding ceremony | noun |
| 3 | ใใใใใใใใ (ๆๅพ ็ถ) | shลtaijล | invitation | noun |
| 4 | ใใใ ใใ (ใ็ฅๅ) | goshลซgi | wedding money gift | noun |
| 5 | ใใใใ (ใ็ฅใ) | oiwai | congratulatory gift | noun |
| 6 | ใใใใ (ใ่ฟใ) | okaeshi | return gift | noun |
| 7 | ใใฌใผใณใ | purezento | present | noun |
| 8 | ใใใกใใ (่ตคใกใใ) | akachan | baby | noun |
| 9 | ใใใใใใณ (่ช็ๆฅ) | tanjลbi | birthday | noun |
| 10 | ใใใใใ (ไธก่ฆช) | ryลshin | parents | noun |
| 11 | ใใใ (ๅฝผๆฐ) | kareshi | boyfriend | noun |
| 12 | ใใฎใใ (ๅฝผๅฅณ) | kanojo | girlfriend; she | noun |
| 13 | ใใใใ (่กไบ) | gyลji | event | noun |
| 14 | ใคใใใใพใ (ไปใๅใใพใ) | tsukiaimasu | go out with | verb |
| 15 | ใใฃใใใใพใ (็ตๅฉใใพใ) | kekkon shimasu | get married | verb |
| 16 | ใใใพใ (ๆฑบใใพใ) | kimemasu | decide | verb |
| 17 | ใใพใใพใ (็ใพใใพใ) | umaremasu | be born | verb |
| 18 | ใใใใพใ (ๅฅใใพใ) | wakaremasu | part, break up | verb |
| 19 | ใใคใพใใพใ (้ใพใใพใ) | atsumarimasu | gather | verb |
| 20 | ใใใงใจใใใใใพใ | omedetล gozaimasu | congratulations | phrase |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "I decided to move next year."
Show answer
ใใใญใ ใฒใฃใใ ใใจใซ ใใพใใใ
2. Say "It's been decided that I'll work in Osaka."
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ใใใใใง ใฏใใใ ใใจใซ ใชใใพใใใ
3. Say "I decided not to eat sweets."
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ใใพใ ใใฎใ ใในใชใ ใใจใซ ใใพใใใ
4. What do you say to a friend who is getting married?
Show answer
ใใฃใใ ใใใงใจใ! (polite: ใใใฃใใ ใใใงใจใใใใใพใ)
5. You can't attend. Say "It turned out I can't go."
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ใใใชใ ใใจใซ ใชใใพใใใ
6. At a wedding, which colour should guests avoid, and why?
Show answer
White (ใใ), because it is the bride's colour.