Advice & Suggestions

Japanese Basic Conversation 3

Chapter 9 ยท Giving Advice & Making Suggestions

๐Ÿ’ก Advice & Suggestions โ€” ใ‚ขใƒ‰ใƒใ‚คใ‚น

Advising a friend, helping a colleague and asking for advice yourself all need the right tone. Japanese has several levels of advice, from a firm ใ€œใŸ ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„ (you should) to a gentle ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ (how about...?), and a way to say what is possible but not certain, ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ (it might be). This chapter uses polite speech with colleagues and casual speech with friends. Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.

โ‘  A Tired Colleague โ€” ใคใ‹ใ‚ŒใŸ ใฉใ†ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†

A: Mr Tanaka, you look pale. Are you all right?
B: I might have a bit of a fever.
A: That's not good. You'd better go home early today.
B: But I've got a lot of work.
A: Don't push yourself. Why not go to the doctor?
B: You're right. I will.
Hard words: ใ‹ใŠใ„ใ‚ kao-iro ("complexion") ยท ใญใค netsu ("fever") ยท ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ ikemasen ("that's bad") ยท ใ‚€ใ‚Šใ‚’ ใ—ใชใ„ muri o shinai ("don't overdo it") ยท ใใ† ใ—ใพใ™ sล shimasu ("I'll do that")

โ‘ก Studying Japanese โ€” ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฎ ใใ†ใ ใ‚“

A: My Japanese doesn't get any better.
B: How about reading a book for 15 minutes a day?
A: I can't read difficult books.
B: Then how about starting with picture books?
A: Good idea. I'll give it a try.
Hard words: ใชใ‹ใชใ‹ nakanaka ("not easily" with a negative) ยท ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใšใซ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ jลzu ni narimasen ("doesn't get good") ยท ใˆใปใ‚“ ehon ("picture book") ยท ใ‹ใ‚“ใŒใˆ kangae ("idea") ยท ใ‚„ใฃใฆ ใฟใพใ™ yatte mimasu ("I'll try doing it")

โ‘ข Asking for Advice โ€” ใฉใ† ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ„ใ„?

A: I want to make friends in Japan. What should I do?
B: How about joining a club?
A: What clubs are there?
B: Sports and music clubs are many.
A: I'd like to try playing football.
B: Great. With football, I think you'll make friends quickly.
Hard words: ใฉใ† ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ„ใ„ dล shitara ii ("what should I do") ยท ใ‚ตใƒผใ‚ฏใƒซ sฤkuru ("club, circle") ยท ใฏใ„ใฃใŸใ‚‰ haittara ("if you join") ยท ใŠใ‚“ใŒใ ongaku ("music") ยท ใ€œใชใ‚‰ -nara ("if it's ~")

โ‘ฃ What Might Happen โ€” ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“

A: It might rain tomorrow.
B: Really? What shall we do about the picnic?
A: If it rains, it might be better to do it the day after.
B: But Mr Tanaka might not come on the day after.
A: Then we'd better take umbrellas.
Hard words: ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ -kamoshiremasen ("might") ยท ใƒ”ใ‚ฏใƒ‹ใƒƒใ‚ฏ pikunikku ("picnic") ยท ใ‚ใ•ใฃใฆ asatte ("the day after tomorrow") ยท ใ‚‚ใฃใฆ ใ„ใฃใŸ ใปใ†ใŒ motte itta hล ga ("had better take")

โ‘ค Worry about a Presentation โ€” ใ—ใ‚“ใฑใ„

A: I'm worried about tomorrow's presentation. I might fail.
B: It'll be fine. How about practising once more today?
A: Shall I try speaking in front of a friend?
B: Good idea. And you'd better sleep early tonight.
A: Thank you. I'll do my best.
Hard words: ใƒ—ใƒฌใ‚ผใƒณ purezen ("presentation") ยท ใ—ใฃใฑใ„ shippai ("failure") ยท ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ† renshลซ ("practice") ยท ใ‚†ใ†ใน yลซbe ("tonight; last night") ยท ใŒใ‚“ใฐใ‚Šใพใ™ ganbarimasu ("I'll do my best")

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: Lately I can't sleep well.
B: You'd better not look at your phone before bed.
A: You think so?
B: Yes. How about a long bath?
A: That might work. I'll try it!
Hard words: ใ•ใ„ใใ‚“ saikin ("lately") ยท ใญใ‚€ใ‚Œใชใ„ nemurenai ("can't sleep") ยท ใ€œใ‚“ใ  -n da (casual explanation) ยท ใใ†ใ‹ใช sล ka na ("do you think so?") ยท ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ ii kamo (casual of ใ„ใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„)

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
You should rest.
Yasunda hล ga ii desu yo.

Yasunda hล ga ii yo.
You'd better not overdo it.
Muri o shinai hล ga ii desu.

Muri shinai hล ga ii.
How about going to the doctor?
Byลin e ittara dล desu ka.

Byลin ittara?
What should I do?
Dล shitara ii desu ka.

Dล shitara ii?
It might rain.
Ame ga furu kamoshiremasen.

Ame ga furu kamo.
Good idea. I'll try it.
Ii kangae desu ne. Yatte mimasu.

Ii ne. Yatte miru!

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

Three verbs of advice, with the ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ form added for the suggestion pattern.

VerbPolitePlainใชใ„-formใŸ-formใŸใ‚‰-form
to rest, be absent (ใ‚„ใ™ใ‚€, G1)
yasumimasu

yasumu

yasumanai

yasunda

yasundara
to recommend (ใ™ใ™ใ‚ใ‚‹, G2)
susumemasu

susumeru

susumenai

susumeta

susumetara
to give up (ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใ‚‹, G2)
akiramemasu

akirameru

akiramenai

akirameta

akirametara

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. ใ€œใŸ ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„ / ใ€œใชใ„ ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„ (revisited)

You learned this in Chapter 4: ใŸ-form + ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ ("you should") and ใชใ„-form + ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ ("you'd better not"). Add the ending ใ‚ˆ to make advice friendly: The idea is a firm recommendation, based on your own judgment. When you give it to someone older or senior, soften it with ใ€œใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ (Chapter 8).

2. ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹: "how about...?"

For a gentler suggestion, use the ใŸ-form + ใ‚‰ and ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹: "How about going to the doctor?" It suggests an idea and leaves the choice open. Casual speakers drop the rest:

PatternExampleFeel
ใŸ-form + ใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹polite suggestion
ใŸ-form + ใ‚‰?casual suggestion
ใ€œใฆ ใฟใŸใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹"why not try it?"
ใฉใ† ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹asking for advice
boss or client (recognise)very polite "how about"

Chapter 10 explains what ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ means in other settings ("if / when"). For now, learn it as the way to make a gentle suggestion, not to use with the negative. For "you'd better not", use ใ€œใชใ„ ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„.

Watch out: ใŸใปใ†ใŒใ„ใ„ vs ใŸใ‚‰ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ ใ€œใŸ ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„ says "this is the better choice", and can sound pushy to someone senior. ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ says "here is an idea; what do you think?", and is the safer choice for suggestions. With a senior, add a softener: ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ or ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ ใ„ใ„ใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™.

3. ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“: "might, perhaps"

To say that something is possible but not certain, put the plain form before ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“: "It might rain." Unlike ใ€œใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ (Chapter 8), nouns and ใช-adjectives do not take ใ :

Before ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“Example
verb Mr Tanaka might not come.
ใ„-adjective It might be cold tomorrow.
ใช-adjective (no ใ ) He might be free.
noun (no ใ ) Tomorrow might be rainy.
past I might have failed.
casual

Certainty ladder, from most to least sure:

StrengthExpressionMeaning
very suresurely
fairly sureprobably
possiblemight, perhaps
unsurejust possibly

4. Advice in different registers

To whomStrong adviceGentle suggestion
close friend
colleague, acquaintance
senior, customer (recognise)

๐Ÿ“ฐ Reading โ€” ใ‚ˆใฟใ‚‚ใฎ

A short text: a question to an advice column and the answer. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.

ใใ†ใ ใ‚“ใฎ ใฆใŒใฟ

"My Japanese doesn't get any better. What should I do?" Answer: It's better to study a little every day. I think it's better to do 15 minutes every day than three hours in one day. How about watching a Japanese drama? How about trying to talk with friends? You'd better not give up. You'll surely get better.

Words: ๅฐ‘ใ—ใšใค sukoshi zutsu (little by little) ยท ใ€œใ‚ˆใ‚Š -yori (rather than) ยท ใ€œใšใค -zutsu (each time) ยท ใใฃใจ kitto (surely)

1. The writer's Japanese is not improving.

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True: ใชใ‹ใชใ‹ ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใšใซ ใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.

2. The answer says to study three hours in one day.

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False: 15 minutes every day is recommended over three hours at once.

3. The answer recommends watching a Japanese drama.

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True: ใƒ‰ใƒฉใƒžใ‚’ ใฟใŸใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹.

4. The answer advises giving up.

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False: ใ‚ใใ‚‰ใ‚ใชใ„ ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ.

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for advice and suggestions. Common kanji appear in brackets.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1adobaisuadvicenoun
2yasumimasurest; be absentverb
3susumemasurecommendverb
4akiramemasugive upverb
5tameshimasutry outverb
6shippaifailure, mistakenoun
7seikลsuccessnoun
8muriimpossible; overdoing itna-adj.
9kenkลhealthnoun
10byลinhospital, clinicnoun
11kusurimedicinenoun
12netsufevernoun
13kazea coldnoun
14tabunprobablyadverb
15kittosurelyadverb
16moshikashitarapossibly, perhapsadverb
17taisetsuimportant, preciousna-adj.
18renshลซpracticenoun
19yukkurislowly; at leisureadverb
20chลshicondition, statenoun
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Caring Phrases Japanese often shows care with set phrases: ใ‚€ใ‚Šใ‚’ ใ—ใชใ„ใง ใใ ใ•ใ„ ("don't push yourself"), ใŠใ ใ„ใ˜ใซ ("take care", said to someone unwell), ใ‚†ใฃใใ‚Š ใ‚„ใ™ใ‚“ใง ใใ ใ•ใ„ ("please rest well") and ใกใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใฏ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ ("how are you feeling?"). They are warmer than a direct instruction. Staying away from work when ill is accepted, but many people still feel they have to apologise: ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€ใ‚„ใ™ใพใ›ใฆ ใ„ใŸใ ใใพใ™ (very polite, recognise).
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Advice Is Often Indirect Japanese speakers often give advice by asking a question or offering an option, rather than telling someone what to do. ใ€œใŸใ‚‰ ใฉใ†ใงใ™ใ‹ and ใ€œใฏ ใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹ are typical. A direct ใ€œใŸ ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„ is fine between friends, or when someone has asked for advice, but with colleagues use the gentler form first. If you are asked for advice, ใ€œใจ ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ keeps it as an opinion, not a command.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ้ฃŸ and ้ฃฒ Health advice often says ้ฃŸในใ™ใŽใชใ„ (tabesuginai, don't overeat) and ้ฃฒใฟใ™ใŽใชใ„ (nomisuginai, don't overdrink), using ้ฃŸ (ta-beru, shoku, eat) and ้ฃฒ (no-mu, in, drink). The ใ€œใ™ใŽใ‚‹ ("too much") pattern was in Chapter 1: verb ใพใ™-stem + ใ™ใŽใ‚‹. Have a look: ้ฃŸ โ–ธ ยท ้ฃฒ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Tell a colleague politely "You'd better go home early."

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2. Suggest to a colleague "How about going to the hospital?"

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3. Say "You'd better not eat too much." (using ใชใ„)

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4. Say "It might be cold tomorrow." and "Mr Tanaka might not come."

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5. Ask for advice: "I want to improve my Japanese. What should I do?"

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6. Tell a friend casually "Why not have a long bath?" and "It might rain."

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