Advice & Suggestions
Japanese Basic Conversation 3
Chapter 9 ยท Giving Advice & Making Suggestions
๐ก Advice & Suggestions โ ใขใใใคใน
Advising a friend, helping a colleague and asking for advice yourself all need the right tone. Japanese has several levels of advice, from a firm ใใ ใปใใ ใใ (you should) to a gentle ใใใ ใฉใใงใใ (how about...?), and a way to say what is possible but not certain, ใใใใใใพใใ (it might be). This chapter uses polite speech with colleagues and casual speech with friends. Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.
โ A Tired Colleague โ ใคใใใ ใฉใใใใ
โก Studying Japanese โ ในใใใใใฎ ใใใ ใ
โข Asking for Advice โ ใฉใ ใใใ ใใ?
โฃ What Might Happen โ ใใใใใพใใ
โค Worry about a Presentation โ ใใใฑใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| You should rest. | ใใใใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใใ Yasunda hล ga ii desu yo. | ใใใใ ใปใใ ใใใใ Yasunda hล ga ii yo. |
| You'd better not overdo it. | ใใใ ใใชใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใ Muri o shinai hล ga ii desu. | ใใ ใใชใ ใปใใ ใใใ Muri shinai hล ga ii. |
| How about going to the doctor? | ใณใใใใใธ ใใฃใใ ใฉใใงใใใ Byลin e ittara dล desu ka. | ใณใใใใ ใใฃใใ? Byลin ittara? |
| What should I do? | ใฉใ ใใใ ใใใงใใใ Dล shitara ii desu ka. | ใฉใ ใใใ ใใ? Dล shitara ii? |
| It might rain. | ใใใ ใตใใใใใใพใใใ Ame ga furu kamoshiremasen. | ใใใ ใตใใใใ Ame ga furu kamo. |
| Good idea. I'll try it. | ใใ ใใใใใงใใญใใใฃใฆ ใฟใพใใ Ii kangae desu ne. Yatte mimasu. | ใใใญใใใฃใฆ ใฟใ! Ii ne. Yatte miru! |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
Three verbs of advice, with the ใใใ form added for the suggestion pattern.
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใ-form | ใใ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to rest, be absent (ใใใ, G1) | ใใใฟใพใ yasumimasu | ใใใ yasumu | ใใใพใชใ yasumanai | ใใใใ yasunda | ใใใใ ใ yasundara |
| to recommend (ใใใใ, G2) | ใใใใพใ susumemasu | ใใใใ susumeru | ใใใใชใ susumenai | ใใใใ susumeta | ใใใใใ susumetara |
| to give up (ใใใใใ, G2) | ใใใใใพใ akiramemasu | ใใใใใ akirameru | ใใใใใชใ akiramenai | ใใใใใ akirameta | ใใใใใใ akirametara |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใ ใปใใ ใใ / ใใชใ ใปใใ ใใ (revisited)
You learned this in Chapter 4: ใ-form + ใปใใ ใใใงใ ("you should") and ใชใ-form + ใปใใ ใใใงใ ("you'd better not"). Add the ending ใ to make advice friendly: ใใใใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใใ The idea is a firm recommendation, based on your own judgment. When you give it to someone older or senior, soften it with ใใจ ใใใใพใ (Chapter 8).
2. ใใใ ใฉใใงใใ: "how about...?"
For a gentler suggestion, use the ใ-form + ใ and ใฉใใงใใ: ใณใใใใใธ ใใฃใใ ใฉใใงใใใ "How about going to the doctor?" It suggests an idea and leaves the choice open. Casual speakers drop the rest: ใใฃใใ?
| Pattern | Example | Feel |
|---|---|---|
| ใ-form + ใ ใฉใใงใใ | ใตใผใฏใซใซ ใฏใใฃใใ ใฉใใงใใใ | polite suggestion |
| ใ-form + ใ? | ใใตใใซ ใฏใใฃใใ? | casual suggestion |
| ใใฆ ใฟใใ ใฉใใงใใ | ใใฃใฆ ใฟใใ ใฉใใงใใใ | "why not try it?" |
| ใฉใ ใใใ ใใใงใใ | ใฉใ ใใใ ใใใงใใใ | asking for advice |
| boss or client (recognise) | ใใฆ ใฏ ใใใใงใใใ | very polite "how about" |
Chapter 10 explains what ใใใ means in other settings ("if / when"). For now, learn it as the way to make a gentle suggestion, not to use with the negative. For "you'd better not", use ใใชใ ใปใใ ใใ.
3. ใใใใใใพใใ: "might, perhaps"
To say that something is possible but not certain, put the plain form before ใใใใใพใใ: ใใใ ใตใใใใใใพใใใ "It might rain." Unlike ใใจ ใใใใพใ (Chapter 8), nouns and ใช-adjectives do not take ใ : ใใใใใใใพใใใ ใฒใพใใใใใพใใใ
| Before ใใใใใพใใ | Example |
|---|---|
| verb | ใใชใใใใฏ ใใชใใใใใใพใใใ Mr Tanaka might not come. |
| ใ-adjective | ใใใใฏ ใใใใใใใใพใใใ It might be cold tomorrow. |
| ใช-adjective (no ใ ) | ใใใฏ ใฒใพใใใใใพใใใ He might be free. |
| noun (no ใ ) | ใใใใฏ ใใใใใใใพใใใ Tomorrow might be rainy. |
| past | ใใฃใฑใใใ ใใใใใพใใใ I might have failed. |
| casual | ใใใใ / ใใใใใใชใใ |
Certainty ladder, from most to least sure:
| Strength | Expression | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| very sure | ใใฃใจ ใใงใใ | surely |
| fairly sure | ใใถใ ใใงใใใ / ใใจ ใใใใพใใ | probably |
| possible | ใใใใใใพใใใ | might, perhaps |
| unsure | ใใใใใใ ใใใใใใพใใใ | just possibly |
4. Advice in different registers
| To whom | Strong advice | Gentle suggestion |
|---|---|---|
| close friend | ใใ ใปใใ ใใใใ | ใใใ? |
| colleague, acquaintance | ใใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใใ | ใใใ ใฉใใงใใใ |
| senior, customer | ใใ ใปใใ ใใใจ ใใใใพใใ | ใใใ ใใใใงใใใ (recognise) |
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
A short text: a question to an advice column and the answer. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.
ใใใ ใใฎ ใฆใใฟ
ใๆฅๆฌ่ช(ใซใปใใ)ใ ใชใใชใ ใใใใใซ ใชใใพใใใใฉใ ใใใ ใใใงใใใใ
็ญ(ใใ)ใ: ใพใใซใก ๅฐ(ใใ)ใใใค ในใใใใใใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใไธๆฅ(ใใกใซใก)ใซ 3ๆ้(ใใใ)ใใใใใ15ๅ(ใตใ)ใใค ใพใใซใก ใใ ใปใใ ใใใจ ใใใใพใใใซใปใใใฎ ใใฉใใ ใฟใใ ใฉใใงใใใใจใใ ใกใจ ใฏใชใใฆ ใฟใใ ใฉใใงใใใใใใใใชใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใใใใฃใจ ใใใใใซ ใชใใพใใ
"My Japanese doesn't get any better. What should I do?" Answer: It's better to study a little every day. I think it's better to do 15 minutes every day than three hours in one day. How about watching a Japanese drama? How about trying to talk with friends? You'd better not give up. You'll surely get better.
Words: ๅฐใใใค sukoshi zutsu (little by little) ยท ใใใ -yori (rather than) ยท ใใใค -zutsu (each time) ยท ใใฃใจ kitto (surely)
1. The writer's Japanese is not improving.
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True: ใชใใชใ ใใใใใซ ใชใใพใใ.
2. The answer says to study three hours in one day.
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False: 15 minutes every day is recommended over three hours at once.
3. The answer recommends watching a Japanese drama.
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True: ใใฉใใ ใฟใใ ใฉใใงใใ.
4. The answer advises giving up.
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False: ใใใใใชใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใ.
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for advice and suggestions. Common kanji appear in brackets.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใขใใใคใน | adobaisu | advice | noun |
| 2 | ใใใฟใพใ (ไผใฟใพใ) | yasumimasu | rest; be absent | verb |
| 3 | ใใใใพใ (ๅงใใพใ) | susumemasu | recommend | verb |
| 4 | ใใใใใพใ | akiramemasu | give up | verb |
| 5 | ใใใใพใ (่ฉฆใใพใ) | tameshimasu | try out | verb |
| 6 | ใใฃใฑใ (ๅคฑๆ) | shippai | failure, mistake | noun |
| 7 | ใใใใ (ๆๅ) | seikล | success | noun |
| 8 | ใใ (็ก็) | muri | impossible; overdoing it | na-adj. |
| 9 | ใใใใ (ๅฅๅบท) | kenkล | health | noun |
| 10 | ใณใใใใ (็ ้ข) | byลin | hospital, clinic | noun |
| 11 | ใใใ (่ฌ) | kusuri | medicine | noun |
| 12 | ใญใค (็ฑ) | netsu | fever | noun |
| 13 | ใใ (้ขจ้ช) | kaze | a cold | noun |
| 14 | ใใถใ | tabun | probably | adverb |
| 15 | ใใฃใจ | kitto | surely | adverb |
| 16 | ใใใใใใ | moshikashitara | possibly, perhaps | adverb |
| 17 | ใใใใค (ๅคงๅ) | taisetsu | important, precious | na-adj. |
| 18 | ใใใใ ใ (็ทด็ฟ) | renshลซ | practice | noun |
| 19 | ใใฃใใ | yukkuri | slowly; at leisure | adverb |
| 20 | ใกใใใ (่ชฟๅญ) | chลshi | condition, state | noun |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Tell a colleague politely "You'd better go home early."
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ใฏใใ ใใใฃใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใใ
2. Suggest to a colleague "How about going to the hospital?"
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ใณใใใใใธ ใใฃใใ ใฉใใงใใใ
3. Say "You'd better not eat too much." (using ใชใ)
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ใในใใใชใ ใปใใ ใใใงใใ
4. Say "It might be cold tomorrow." and "Mr Tanaka might not come."
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ใใใใฏ ใใใใใใใใพใใใใใชใใใใฏ ใใชใใใใใใพใใใ
5. Ask for advice: "I want to improve my Japanese. What should I do?"
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ใซใปใใใ ใใใใใซ ใชใใใใงใใใฉใ ใใใ ใใใงใใใ
6. Tell a friend casually "Why not have a long bath?" and "It might rain."
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ใใฃใใ ใใตใใซ ใฏใใฃใใ? ใใใ ใตใใใใ