Your Life Story

Japanese Basic Conversation 3

Chapter 7 ยท Telling Your Story: Childhood, School & Life So Far

๐Ÿ“– Your Life Story โ€” ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎ ใ˜ใ‚“ใ›ใ„

When you meet people in Japan, sooner or later you are asked where you come from, what you studied and how you came to learn Japanese. This chapter lets you tell that story. The grammar: the plain past (ใ€œใŸ, ใ€œใชใ‹ใฃใŸ) which you have already used to build other patterns, ใ€œใจใ ("when...") and the two ways of giving a reason, ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰ and ใ€œใฎใง. Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.

โ‘  Where You're From โ€” ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใ—ใ‚“

A: Where were you born?
B: Edinburgh. I was born there and grew up there.
A: And your family?
B: I have a father, a mother and an older sister.
A: What kind of place is your home town?
B: An old city, and the hills are beautiful.
Hard words: ใ†ใพใ‚Œ umare ("birthplace") ยท ใใ ใกใพใ—ใŸ sodachimashita ("grew up") ยท ใกใก / ใฏใฏ / ใ‚ใญ chichi / haha / ane (my father / mother / older sister) ยท ใตใ‚‹ใ•ใจ furusato ("home town")

โ‘ก Childhood โ€” ใ“ใฉใ‚‚ใฎ ใ“ใ‚

A: What kind of child were you?
B: Lively. I always played outside.
A: What did you like?
B: I liked football. I played it every day with friends.
A: And video games?
B: I didn't play them much.
Hard words: ใ“ใฉใ‚‚ใฎ ใ“ใ‚ kodomo no koro ("when I was a child") ยท ใ’ใ‚“ใ genki ("lively, well") ยท ใใจ soto ("outside") ยท ใ‚ใใณใพใ—ใŸ asobimashita ("played")

โ‘ข School and University โ€” ใŒใฃใ“ใ†

A: Where was your primary school?
B: A primary school near my house.
A: What did you major in at university?
B: I studied computing.
A: Was it difficult?
B: Yes, but it was interesting. I graduated ten years ago.
Hard words: ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใฃใ“ใ† shลgakkล ("primary school") ยท ใ›ใ‚“ใ“ใ† senkล ("major, specialism") ยท ใใคใŽใ‚‡ใ† sotsugyล ("graduation") ยท ใ€œใญใ‚“ใพใˆ -nen mae ("~ years ago")

โ‘ฃ Giving Reasons โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ?

A: Why are you studying Japanese?
B: Because I liked anime, I began at the age of 20.
A: How did you study?
B: I read books, watched anime and so on.
A: That's impressive.
B: It was difficult, but it was fun, so I kept going.
Hard words: ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ dลshite ("why") ยท ใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ dล yatte ("how, by what means") ยท 20ใ•ใ„ใฎ ใจใใซ nijussai no toki ni ("at the age of 20") ยท ใ™ใ”ใ„ sugoi ("impressive") ยท ใคใฅใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ tsuzukemashita ("continued")

โ‘ค A Memory โ€” ใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใง

A: Tell me about the time you first went to Japan.
B: Five years ago, on a trip.
B: When I lost my way in Kyoto, an old lady helped me.
A: That's a nice memory.
B: Yes. From that time I came to love Japan.
Hard words: ใฏใ˜ใ‚ใฆ hajimete ("for the first time") ยท ใ€œใจใใฎ ใ“ใจ -toki no koto ("about the time when ~") ยท ใพใ‚ˆใฃใŸ mayotta (plain past of ใพใ‚ˆใ„ใพใ™, "got lost") ยท ใŠใฐใ‚ใ•ใ‚“ o-bฤ-san ("old lady") ยท ใŸใ™ใ‘ใฆ ใใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ tasukete kuremashita ("kindly helped me") ยท ใ ใ„ใ™ใ daisuki ("love, like very much")

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: What did you do yesterday?
B: I ate with a friend.
A: How was it?
B: Tasty. And it wasn't very expensive.
A: Nice. I'll go tomorrow too!
Hard words: ใ—ใŸ shita (plain past of ใ—ใพใ™) ยท ใŸในใŸ tabeta (plain past of ใŸในใพใ™) ยท ใŠใ„ใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸ oishikatta (plain past of ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„) ยท ใŸใ‹ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ takakunakatta (plain negative past)

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
I was born in Edinburgh.
Edinbara de umaremashita.

Edinbara de umareta.
When I was a child, I liked football.
Kodomo no koro, sakkฤ ga suki deshita.

Kodomo no koro, sakkฤ ga suki datta.
I graduated ten years ago.
Jลซnen mae ni sotsugyล shimashita.

Jลซnen mae ni sotsugyล shita.
Because it was fun, I kept going.
Tanoshikatta node, tsuzukemashita.

Tanoshikatta kara, tsuzuketa.
When I was 20, I started Japanese.
Nijussai no toki, nihongo o hajimemashita.

Nijussai no toki, nihongo hajimeta.
Why did you do it?
Dลshite shimashita ka.

Nande shita?

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

VerbPolitePlainใชใ„-formPlain past (ใŸ)Plain negative past
to be born (ใ†ใพใ‚Œใ‚‹, G2)
umaremasu

umareru

umarenai

umareta

umarenakatta
to grow up (ใใ ใค, G1)
sodachimasu

sodatsu

sodatanai

sodatta

sodatanakatta
to graduate (ใใคใŽใ‚‡ใ†ใ™ใ‚‹, G3)
sotsugyล shimasu

sotsugyล suru

sotsugyล shinai

sotsugyล shita

sotsugyล shinakatta

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. The plain past

The plain past is the casual way to say something happened, and it is also the form that goes inside longer sentences (ใ€œใŸ ใจใ, ใ€œใŸ ใปใ†ใŒ ใ„ใ„, ใ€œใŸ ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚‹). You know the verb forms from Chapter 2 (ใ‹ใฃใŸ, ใ„ใฃใŸ, ใŸในใŸ). Now add the negative and the other word types:

Word typePlain pastPlain negative past
verb (ใชใ„-form: drop ใ„, add ใ‹ใฃใŸ)
ใ„-adjective (drop ใ„, add ใ‹ใฃใŸ)
ใ„-adjective ใ„ใ„ (irregular)
ใช-adjective
noun

Compare them with the polite past (Japanese Basic Conversation 2 9): against ; against ; against . Use the plain past with friends, and in the middle of longer sentences.

2. ใ€œใจใ: "when..."

Put the time clause before ใจใ, then the main clause: "When I was a child, I liked football." The word before ใจใ takes the plain form:

Before ใจใPatternExample
nounnoun + ใฎ + ใจใ (when I was a student)
ใ„-adjectiveplain form + ใจใ (when I was small)
ใช-adjectiveใช + ใจใ (when I'm free)
verb, not yet doneplain present + ใจใ (when going to Japan)
verb, already doneplain past + ใจใ (when I went / got to Japan)

The plain present means the action is still ahead or in progress ("when I'm going"); the past means it has been completed ("when I had gone"). ใ“ใ‚ is a looser "around the time": "in my childhood".

3. Giving reasons: ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰ and ใ€œใฎใง

Both mean "because" and both come after the reason, which is the opposite order from English: "Because it rained, I didn't go."

PatternBefore itExampleFeel
ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰polite or plain formdirect; reason or excuse
ใ€œใฎใงplain form (ใช-adjective and noun: ใ€œใช / ใ€œใชใฎใง)softer, more objective; good in business

Use ใฉใ†ใ—ใฆ / ใชใœ to ask "why" and answer with ใ€œใ‹ใ‚‰ or ใ€œใฎใง: "Why didn't you go? โ€” Because I was tired."

Watch out: ใฎใง is not ใง For ใช-adjectives and nouns, ใฎใง turns into ใชใฎใง: ใ’ใ‚“ใใชใฎใง, ใ‚ใ‚ใชใฎใง, not ใ’ใ‚“ใใ ใฎใง. With ใ‹ใ‚‰ use the plain ใ  or the polite ใงใ™: ใ‚ใ‚ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ / ใ‚ใ‚ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰. And a request or order after ใ‹ใ‚‰ is natural (ใ‚ใถใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ‚’ ใคใ‘ใฆ ใใ ใ•ใ„), while ใฎใง is usually left for facts and explanations.

๐Ÿ“ฐ Reading โ€” ใ‚ˆใฟใ‚‚ใฎ

A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.

ใ‚ใŸใ—ใฎ ใฏใชใ—

I was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. As a child I loved football and played with friends every day. I studied computing at university. Because I liked Japanese anime, I began Japanese at the age of 20. It was hard, but it was fun, so I kept going for five years. Now I work in IT. Some day I'd like to live in Japan.

Words: ใ„ใคใ‹ itsuka (some day) ยท ใ™ใฟใŸใ„ sumitai (want to live) ยท 5ๅนด gonen (five years)

1. The writer was born in Edinburgh.

Show answer

True: ใ‚จใƒ‡ใ‚ฃใƒณใƒใƒฉใง ใ†ใพใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ.

2. The writer studied medicine at university.

Show answer

False: they studied computing (ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ”ใƒฅใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผ).

3. The writer started Japanese because they liked anime.

Show answer

True: ใ‚ขใƒ‹ใƒกใŒ ใ™ใใ ใฃใŸใฎใง.

4. The writer lives in Japan now.

Show answer

False: they work in IT and would like to live in Japan some day (ใ™ใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™).

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for telling your story. Common kanji appear in brackets.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1umaremasube bornverb
2sodachimasugrow upverb
3sotsugyล shimasugraduateverb
4nyลซgaku shimasuenter a schoolverb
5naraimasulearn, take lessonsverb
6shลgakkลprimary schoolnoun
7chลซgakkลjunior high schoolnoun
8kลkลsenior high schoolnoun
9daigakuuniversitynoun
10kodomochildnoun
11-koroaround the time ofnoun
12-tokiwhen, at the timenoun
13senkลmajor, specialismnoun
14omoidememorynoun
15furusatohome townnoun
16-saiyears oldcounter
17shusshinorigin, where fromnoun
18jinseilifenoun
19natsukashiinostalgic; fondly rememberedi-adj.
20dลshitewhyquestion
Real Japanese Tip โ€” The Japanese School System Japanese schooling follows the pattern 6-3-3-4: six years of ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใฃใ“ใ†, three of ใกใ‚…ใ†ใŒใฃใ“ใ†, three of ใ“ใ†ใ“ใ† and (usually) four of ใ ใ„ใŒใ. The school year begins in April, with a spring entrance ceremony under cherry blossom, and ends in March. Pupils are often asked their grade as "ใ€œใญใ‚“ใ›ใ„": ใกใ‚…ใ†ใŒใ 2ใญใ‚“ใ›ใ„ is "second-year junior high".
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Talking About Your Family and Origin When you speak about your own family to an outsider you use the plain words ใกใก, ใฏใฏ, ใ‚ใซ, ใ‚ใญ, ใŠใจใ†ใจ, ใ„ใ‚‚ใ†ใจ; for someone else's family you use ใŠใจใ†ใ•ใ‚“, ใŠใ‹ใ‚ใ•ใ‚“, ใŠใซใ„ใ•ใ‚“, ใŠใญใˆใ•ใ‚“, ใŠใจใ†ใจใ•ใ‚“, ใ„ใ‚‚ใ†ใจใ•ใ‚“. Where you are from is ใ—ใ‚…ใฃใ—ใ‚“, and in Japan people often ask the prefecture; as a visitor, give your country and city. Chapter 12 returns to getting to know people.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ๅญ and ๆฏ ๅญ (ko, shi, child) is in ๅญไพ› (kodomo, child) and ๅฅณใฎๅญ (onna no ko, girl). ๆฏ (haha, bo, mother) is the plain word for "my mother" in a life story. Have a look: ๅญ โ–ธ ยท ๆฏ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Say "I was born in Manchester and grew up in Edinburgh."

Show answer

2. Give the plain past and plain negative past of ใฟใ‚‹, ใ„ใ, ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„, ใ’ใ‚“ใ.

Show answer

3. Say "When I was a student, I studied every day."

Show answer

4. Give a reason: "I didn't go because I was tired" (with ใฎใง).

Show answer

5. Ask a friend casually "Why didn't you come?"

Show answer

6. Say "I liked anime, so I started Japanese" (with ใ‹ใ‚‰).

Show answer