Work & Careers
Japanese Basic Conversation 3
Chapter 5 ยท Work & Careers: Applying for a Job & Interviews
๐ผ Work & Careers โ ใใใจ
This chapter follows a job application from the phone call to the interview. You learn the vocabulary of the CV (ใใใใใ) and the interview (ใใใใค), and three patterns that interviewers ask about all the time: ใใใจใ ใงใใพใ ("I can..."), ใใใใจใ ใใใพใ ("I have... before") and ใใฆ ใใพใ for jobs and situations ("I work as...", "I live in..."). Interview Japanese is formal, so some polite set phrases are given to learn as they stand. Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.
โ A Phone Enquiry โ ใใใผใฎ ใงใใ
โก Writing the CV โ ใใใใใใ ใใ
โข Self-Introduction โ ใใใใใใใ
โฃ Skills and Experience โ ใงใใ ใใจ
โค Conditions and Questions โ ใใคใใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| I can speak Japanese a little. | ใซใปใใใ ใใใ ใฏใชใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใใ Nihongo o sukoshi hanasu koto ga dekimasu. | ใซใปใใใใใใ ใฏใชใใใ Nihongo, sukoshi hanaseru. |
| I have worked in Japan. | ใซใปใใง ใฏใใใใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใ Nihon de hataraita koto ga arimasu. | ใซใปใใง ใฏใใใใ ใใจใ ใใใ Nihon de hataraita koto ga aru. |
| I have never done it. | ใใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใใ Shita koto ga arimasen. | ใใ ใใจใ ใชใใ Shita koto ga nai. |
| I work at an IT company. | ITใใใใใง ใฏใใใใฆ ใใพใใ Ai-tฤซ kaisha de hataraite imasu. | ITใใใใใง ใฏใใใใฆใใ Ai-tฤซ kaisha de hataraiteru. |
| My name is Smith. (formal) | ในใในใจ ใใใใพใใ Sumisu to mลshimasu. | ในใในใงใใ Sumisu desu. |
| I look forward to working with you. | ใใใใ ใใญใใใใใใพใใ Yoroshiku onegai itashimasu. | ใใใใใญใ Yoroshiku ne. |
(The casual ใฏใชใใ above is a "can" form of its own. For now, in the polite register use ใใใจใ ใงใใพใ and treat ใฏใชใใ as a word to recognise.)
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
| Verb | Polite | Plain | ใชใ-form | ใ-form | ใฆ-form |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to work (ใฏใใใ, G1) | ใฏใใใใพใ hatarakimasu | ใฏใใใ hataraku | ใฏใใใใชใ hatarakanai | ใฏใใใใ hataraita | ใฏใใใใฆ hataraite |
| to be able to (ใงใใ, G2) | ใงใใพใ dekimasu | ใงใใ dekiru | ใงใใชใ dekinai | ใงใใ dekita | ใงใใฆ dekite |
| to work for, be employed (ใคใจใใ, G2) | ใคใจใใพใ tsutomemasu | ใคใจใใ tsutomeru | ใคใจใใชใ tsutomenai | ใคใจใใ tsutometa | ใคใจใใฆ tsutomete |
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใใจใ ใงใใพใ: "can..."
For ability or possibility, use the plain form + ใใจใ ใงใใพใ: ใซใปใใใ ใฏใชใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใใ "I can speak Japanese." The negative is ใงใใพใใ. For a noun skill, use ใ ใงใใพใ directly: ใซใปใใใ ใงใใพใใ "I can do Japanese."
| Pattern | Example |
|---|---|
| plain form + ใใจใ ใงใใพใ | ใใคใฝใณใ ใคใใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใใ I can use Python. |
| plain form + ใใจใ ใงใใพใใ | ใใใใ ใใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใใใ I can't write kanji. |
| noun + ใ ใงใใพใ | ใใใใ ใงใใพใใ I can speak English. |
| question | ใใใใใใ ใใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใใใ Can you work overtime? |
| possibility (not ability) | ใใใใคใใ ใฏใใใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใใ I can start next month. |
ใใจ turns the verb into a noun ("the doing of ..."), which is why ใ follows it. Casual speakers often use a shorter "can" form (ใฏใชใใ, ใใใ, ใคใใใ). Japanese Grammar 2 explains how it is made.
2. ใใ ใใจใ ใใใพใ: "I have... before"
To talk about experience, use the ใ-form (Chapter 2) + ใใจใ ใใใพใ: ใซใปใใธ ใใฃใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใ "I have been to Japan." The negative is ใใจใ ใใใพใใ ("I've never"). Use ใใกใฉใ (not once) for emphasis.
| Pattern | Example |
|---|---|
| ใ-form + ใใจใ ใใใพใ | ใซใปใใง ใฏใใใใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใ I have worked in Japan. |
| ใ-form + ใใจใ ใใใพใใ | ใใใ ใคใใฃใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใใ I have never made sushi. |
| ใใกใฉใ + ใชใ | ใใกใฉใ ใใฃใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใใ I have never been, not once. |
| question | ใใใใคใ ใใใ ใใจใ ใใใพใใใ Have you ever had an interview? |
3. ใใฆ ใใพใ for jobs and states
You know ใใฆ ใใพใ as "doing right now" (Japanese Basic Conversation 2 10: ใงใใใใ ใใใใฆ ใใพใ). It also describes a job or a continuing state: ITใใใใใง ใฏใใใใฆ ใใพใใ "I work at an IT company." ใจใใฃใณใใฉใซ ใใใง ใใพใใ "I live in Edinburgh." ใใฃใใใใฆ ใใพใใ "I'm married." The next chapters (and Chapter 8) cover this pattern in full.
| Meaning | Japanese |
|---|---|
| I work as ... | ใใฎ ใใใจใ ใใฆ ใใพใใ / ใใจใใฆ ใฏใใใใฆ ใใพใใ |
| I work for (company) | ใใซ ใคใจใใฆ ใใพใใ |
| I live in ... | ใใซ ใใใง ใใพใใ |
| I'm studying ... | ใใ ในใใใใใใฆ ใใพใใ |
| for a period | 5ใญใ ใใฆ ใใพใใ I've been doing it for five years. |
4. Interview language
Interviews use formal Japanese. Learn these set phrases as they stand. Also learn the three words for "company":
| Word | Reading | Used for |
|---|---|---|
| ใธใใใ (ๅผ็คพ) | heisha | my / our company (humble) |
| ใใใใ (ๅพก็คพ) | onsha | your company (spoken, respectful) |
| ใใใ (่ฒด็คพ) | kisha | your company (written, respectful) |
| ในใในใจ ใใใใพใ | Sumisu to mลshimasu | "My name is Smith" (humble) |
| ใใใใ ใใญใใใใใใพใ | yoroshiku onegai itashimasu | very polite "please treat me well" |
| ใใคใใใใพใ | shitsurei shimasu | "excuse me" on entering and leaving |
๐ฐ Reading โ ใใฟใใฎ
A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.
ใใใใค
ใใใใฏ ใจใใฃใณใใฉใง ITใตใใผใใฎ ไปไบ(ใใใจ)ใ ใใฆ ใใพใใ5ๅนด(ใญใ)ใฏใใใใพใใใใซใปใใง ใฏใใใใ ใใจใฏ ใใใพใใใใใซใปใใใ ใใใ ใฏใชใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใใๆฅๅนด(ใใใญใ)ใใซใปใใฎ ใใใใใง ใฏใใใใใใงใใใใฎใใใใใใใใ ใใใฃใฆใใใใ ใใใใคใ ใใใพใใใใใใใใใใใฎ ใจใใๅฐ(ใใ)ใ ใใใกใใใใพใใใใงใใใใคใใใซ ใใใถ ใใใใพใใใใใฃใใฏ 1ใใ ใใใใใใใง ใใใใพใใ
I work in IT support in Edinburgh. I have worked five years. I have never worked in Japan, but I can speak a little Japanese. Next year I want to work at a Japanese company. Yesterday I sent my CV, and today I had the interview. During the self-introduction I was a little nervous. But I answered all the questions. I will know the result in about a week.
Words: ใใใพใใ ukemashita (took, sat (an interview)) ยท ใใใใพใใ kotaemashita (answered) ยท ใใใถ zenbu (all) ยท ใใใใพใ wakarimasu (will know)
1. The writer has worked in Japan.
Show answer
False: ใซใปใใง ใฏใใใใ ใใจใฏ ใใใพใใ.
2. The writer can speak a little Japanese.
Show answer
True: ใซใปใใใ ใใใ ใฏใชใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใ.
3. The interview took place yesterday.
Show answer
False: the CV was sent yesterday; the interview was today.
4. The writer will learn the result in about a week.
Show answer
True: ใใฃใใฏ 1ใใ ใใใใใใใง ใใใใพใ.
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for work and job interviews. Common kanji appear in brackets.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใใจ (ไปไบ) | shigoto | work, job | noun |
| 2 | ใใใใ (ไผ็คพ) | kaisha | company | noun |
| 3 | ใขใซใใคใ | arubaito | part-time job | noun |
| 4 | ใผใใ ใ (ๅ้) | boshลซ | recruitment | noun |
| 5 | ใใใผ (ๅฟๅ) | ลbo | application | noun |
| 6 | ใใใใใ (ๅฑฅๆญดๆธ) | rirekisho | CV, rรฉsumรฉ | noun |
| 7 | ใใใใค (้ขๆฅ) | mensetsu | interview | noun |
| 8 | ใใใใ (็ต้จ) | keiken | experience | noun |
| 9 | ใใ ใใใใ (็ตฆๆ) | kyลซryล | salary | noun |
| 10 | ใใใใใ (ๆฎๆฅญ) | zangyล | overtime | noun |
| 11 | ใใใใ (็คพๅก) | shain | company employee | noun |
| 12 | ใใใใใใใ (่ชๅทฑ็ดนไป) | jikoshลkai | self-introduction | noun |
| 13 | ใใใใ (ๅพก็คพ) | onsha | your company | noun |
| 14 | ใธใใใ (ๅผ็คพ) | heisha | my company (humble) | noun |
| 15 | ใฏใใใใพใ (ๅใใพใ) | hatarakimasu | work | verb |
| 16 | ใคใจใใพใ (ๅคใใพใ) | tsutomemasu | be employed at | verb |
| 17 | ใงใใพใ | dekimasu | can do; be ready | verb |
| 18 | ใใใพใ (ๅใใพใ) | ukemasu | take (a test, interview) | verb |
| 19 | ใใผใ (ๅธๆ) | kibล | wish, hope | noun |
| 20 | ใจใใ (ๅพๆ) | tokui | strong point; good at | na-adj. |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Introduce yourself formally: "My name is Smith. I look forward to this interview."
Show answer
ในใในใจ ใใใใพใใใใใใ ใใญใใใใใใพใใ
2. Say you work at an IT company in Edinburgh.
Show answer
ใจใใฃใณใใฉใฎ ITใใใใใง ใฏใใใใฆ ใใพใใ
3. Say you can use Python but you cannot write kanji.
Show answer
ใใคใฝใณใ ใคใใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใใใใใใ ใใ ใใจใฏ ใงใใพใใใ
4. Say you have never worked in Japan, but you have been there on holiday.
Show answer
ใซใปใใง ใฏใใใใ ใใจใฏ ใใใพใใใใใใใใใง ใใฃใ ใใจใฏ ใใใพใใ
5. Ask the interviewer whether there is overtime.
Show answer
ใใใใใใฏ ใใใพใใใ
6. Say you can start work from next month.
Show answer
ใใใใคใใ ใฏใใใ ใใจใ ใงใใพใใ