Work & Careers

Japanese Basic Conversation 3

Chapter 5 ยท Work & Careers: Applying for a Job & Interviews

๐Ÿ’ผ Work & Careers โ€” ใ—ใ”ใจ

This chapter follows a job application from the phone call to the interview. You learn the vocabulary of the CV (ใ‚Šใ‚Œใใ—ใ‚‡) and the interview (ใ‚ใ‚“ใ›ใค), and three patterns that interviewers ask about all the time: ใ€œใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ ("I can..."), ใ€œใŸใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ("I have... before") and ใ€œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ for jobs and situations ("I work as...", "I live in..."). Interview Japanese is formal, so some polite set phrases are given to learn as they stand. Dialog lines have no romaji; a Hard words note gives readings.

โ‘  A Phone Enquiry โ€” ใŠใ†ใผใฎ ใงใ‚“ใ‚

A: Hello, I saw your job advertisement and I'm calling.
B: Thank you. That's the IT support job.
A: Yes. Are you still recruiting?
B: Yes, we are. Please send your CV.
A: May I send it by email?
B: Yes, that's fine.
Hard words: ใผใ—ใ‚…ใ† boshลซ ("recruitment") ยท ใ“ใ†ใ“ใ kลkoku ("advertisement") ยท ใ‚Šใ‚Œใใ—ใ‚‡ rirekisho ("CV") ยท ใ‘ใฃใ“ใ†ใงใ™ kekkล desu ("that's fine / no thanks", polite)

โ‘ก Writing the CV โ€” ใ‚Šใ‚Œใใ—ใ‚‡ใ‚’ ใ‹ใ

A: I'm writing my CV. Could you help me?
B: Sure. First, let's write your education.
A: I graduated from university.
B: Next, work history. What kind of work have you done?
A: I've been doing IT support for five years.
B: Good. And don't forget the photo.
Hard words: ใฆใคใ ใฃใฆ ใใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ tetsudatte kuremasen ka ("could you help me?") ยท ใŒใใ‚Œใ gakureki ("education history") ยท ใใคใŽใ‚‡ใ† sotsugyล ("graduation") ยท ใ—ใ‚‡ใใ‚Œใ shokureki ("work history") ยท ใ‚ใ™ใ‚Œใชใ„ใง ใใ ใ•ใ„ wasurenaide kudasai ("please don't forget")

โ‘ข Self-Introduction โ€” ใ˜ใ“ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹ใ„

A: Please take a seat.
B: Thank you. My name is Smith. I look forward to this interview.
A: Then please introduce yourself.
B: I come from Edinburgh in Britain.
B: I currently work at an IT company.
B: I'm interested in Japanese technology.
Hard words: ใŠใ‹ใ‘ ใใ ใ•ใ„ o-kake kudasai ("please sit") ยท ใ‚‚ใ†ใ—ใพใ™ mลshimasu (humble "my name is") ยท ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ ใŠใญใŒใ„ใ„ใŸใ—ใพใ™ yoroshiku onegai itashimasu ("I look forward to it", very polite) ยท ใŽใ˜ใ‚…ใค gijutsu ("technology") ยท ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฟ kyลmi ("interest")

โ‘ฃ Skills and Experience โ€” ใงใใ‚‹ ใ“ใจ

A: Can you speak Japanese?
B: Yes, a little. I can also write emails.
A: Have you ever worked in Japan?
B: No, I haven't. But I have been there on holiday.
A: Can you write programs?
B: Yes, I can use Python.
Hard words: ใฏใชใ™ ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ hanasu koto ga dekimasu ("can speak") ยท ใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚’ ใ‹ใ ใ“ใจใ‚‚ mฤ“ru o kaku koto mo ("also writing emails") ยท ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ“ใ† ryokล ("trip") ยท ใƒ‘ใ‚คใ‚ฝใƒณ paison ("Python") ยท ใคใ‹ใ† tsukau ("use")

โ‘ค Conditions and Questions โ€” ใ—ใคใ‚‚ใ‚“

A: From when can you start work?
B: I can start from the 1st of next month.
A: Do you have any other questions?
B: Is there overtime?
A: Sometimes. We'll contact you about the result in about a week.
B: Thank you very much. Goodbye.
Hard words: ใ‚‰ใ„ใ’ใค raigetsu ("next month") ยท ใปใ‹ใซ hoka ni ("anything else") ยท ใ–ใ‚“ใŽใ‚‡ใ† zangyล ("overtime") ยท ใจใใฉใ tokidoki ("sometimes") ยท ใ‘ใฃใ‹ kekka ("result") ยท ใ—ใคใ‚Œใ„ใ—ใพใ™ shitsurei shimasu ("excuse me / goodbye")

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: How was the interview?
B: I was nervous, but I did my best.
A: When will you know the result?
B: I'll hear in about a week.
A: I'm sure it'll be fine!
Hard words: ใใ‚“ใกใ‚‡ใ† kinchล ("nervousness") ยท ใŒใ‚“ใฐใฃใŸ ganbatta (plain past of ใŒใ‚“ใฐใ‚Šใพใ™, "did my best") ยท ใ‘ใฉ kedo (casual "but") ยท ใใฃใจ kitto ("surely")

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
I can speak Japanese a little.
Nihongo o sukoshi hanasu koto ga dekimasu.

Nihongo, sukoshi hanaseru.
I have worked in Japan.
Nihon de hataraita koto ga arimasu.

Nihon de hataraita koto ga aru.
I have never done it.
Shita koto ga arimasen.

Shita koto ga nai.
I work at an IT company.
Ai-tฤซ kaisha de hataraite imasu.

Ai-tฤซ kaisha de hataraiteru.
My name is Smith. (formal)
Sumisu to mลshimasu.

Sumisu desu.
I look forward to working with you.
Yoroshiku onegai itashimasu.

Yoroshiku ne.

(The casual ใฏใชใ›ใ‚‹ above is a "can" form of its own. For now, in the polite register use ใ€œใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ and treat ใฏใชใ›ใ‚‹ as a word to recognise.)

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

VerbPolitePlainใชใ„-formใŸ-formใฆ-form
to work (ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใ, G1)
hatarakimasu

hataraku

hatarakanai

hataraita

hataraite
to be able to (ใงใใ‚‹, G2)
dekimasu

dekiru

dekinai

dekita

dekite
to work for, be employed (ใคใจใ‚ใ‚‹, G2)
tsutomemasu

tsutomeru

tsutomenai

tsutometa

tsutomete

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. ใ€œใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™: "can..."

For ability or possibility, use the plain form + ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™: "I can speak Japanese." The negative is . For a noun skill, use ใŒ ใงใใพใ™ directly: "I can do Japanese."

PatternExample
plain form + ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ I can use Python.
plain form + ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ I can't write kanji.
noun + ใŒ ใงใใพใ™ I can speak English.
question Can you work overtime?
possibility (not ability) I can start next month.

ใ“ใจ turns the verb into a noun ("the doing of ..."), which is why ใŒ follows it. Casual speakers often use a shorter "can" form (ใฏใชใ›ใ‚‹, ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹, ใคใ‹ใˆใ‚‹). Japanese Grammar 2 explains how it is made.

2. ใ€œใŸ ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: "I have... before"

To talk about experience, use the ใŸ-form (Chapter 2) + ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: "I have been to Japan." The negative is ("I've never"). Use ใ„ใกใฉใ‚‚ (not once) for emphasis.

PatternExample
ใŸ-form + ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ I have worked in Japan.
ใŸ-form + ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ I have never made sushi.
ใ„ใกใฉใ‚‚ + ใชใ„ I have never been, not once.
question Have you ever had an interview?
Watch out: ใงใใพใ™ versus ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ uses the plain present (can do); ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ uses the ใŸ-form (has done). ใซใปใ‚“ใธ ใ„ใ ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™ = "I can go to Japan". ใซใปใ‚“ใธ ใ„ใฃใŸ ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ = "I have been to Japan." And ใ€œใŸ ใ“ใจใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ is about experience, while the plain past ใซใปใ‚“ใธ ใ„ใใพใ—ใŸ is one particular trip.

3. ใ€œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ for jobs and states

You know ใ€œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ as "doing right now" (Japanese Basic Conversation 2 10: ใงใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒใŒ ใŠใใ‚Œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™). It also describes a job or a continuing state: "I work at an IT company." "I live in Edinburgh." "I'm married." The next chapters (and Chapter 8) cover this pattern in full.

MeaningJapanese
I work as ... /
I work for (company)
I live in ...
I'm studying ...
for a period I've been doing it for five years.

4. Interview language

Interviews use formal Japanese. Learn these set phrases as they stand. Also learn the three words for "company":

WordReadingUsed for
heishamy / our company (humble)
onshayour company (spoken, respectful)
kishayour company (written, respectful)
Sumisu to mลshimasu"My name is Smith" (humble)
yoroshiku onegai itashimasuvery polite "please treat me well"
shitsurei shimasu"excuse me" on entering and leaving

๐Ÿ“ฐ Reading โ€” ใ‚ˆใฟใ‚‚ใฎ

A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.

ใ‚ใ‚“ใ›ใค

I work in IT support in Edinburgh. I have worked five years. I have never worked in Japan, but I can speak a little Japanese. Next year I want to work at a Japanese company. Yesterday I sent my CV, and today I had the interview. During the self-introduction I was a little nervous. But I answered all the questions. I will know the result in about a week.

Words: ใ†ใ‘ใพใ—ใŸ ukemashita (took, sat (an interview)) ยท ใ“ใŸใˆใพใ—ใŸ kotaemashita (answered) ยท ใœใ‚“ใถ zenbu (all) ยท ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™ wakarimasu (will know)

1. The writer has worked in Japan.

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False: ใซใปใ‚“ใง ใฏใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใŸ ใ“ใจใฏ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“.

2. The writer can speak a little Japanese.

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True: ใซใปใ‚“ใ”ใ‚’ ใ™ใ“ใ— ใฏใชใ™ ใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™.

3. The interview took place yesterday.

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False: the CV was sent yesterday; the interview was today.

4. The writer will learn the result in about a week.

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True: ใ‘ใฃใ‹ใฏ 1ใ—ใ‚…ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“ใใ‚‰ใ„ใง ใ‚ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ™.

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for work and job interviews. Common kanji appear in brackets.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1shigotowork, jobnoun
2kaishacompanynoun
3arubaitopart-time jobnoun
4boshลซrecruitmentnoun
5ลboapplicationnoun
6rirekishoCV, rรฉsumรฉnoun
7mensetsuinterviewnoun
8keikenexperiencenoun
9kyลซryลsalarynoun
10zangyลovertimenoun
11shaincompany employeenoun
12jikoshลkaiself-introductionnoun
13onshayour companynoun
14heishamy company (humble)noun
15hatarakimasuworkverb
16tsutomemasube employed atverb
17dekimasucan do; be readyverb
18ukemasutake (a test, interview)verb
19kibลwish, hopenoun
20tokuistrong point; good atna-adj.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” The ใ‚Šใ‚Œใใ—ใ‚‡ and the Photo A Japanese CV is a standard form, not a free-style document: you can buy the paper form or download a template. It has a space for a photo (a passport-style photo is normal), your address, a short education and work history (ใŒใใ‚Œใใƒปใ—ใ‚‡ใใ‚Œใ) and a section for your motivation (ใ—ใผใ†ใฉใ†ใ). It is usually handwritten for traditional employers, though typed versions are accepted more and more. A second document, the ใ—ใ‚‡ใใ‚€ใ‘ใ„ใ‚Œใใ—ใ‚‡, lists job experience in detail.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Interview Manners and the Visa Arrive a few minutes early, bow when you enter and leave, and sit only after you hear ใŠใ‹ใ‘ ใใ ใ•ใ„. Use ใŠใ‚“ใ—ใ‚ƒ for "your company" and polite or humble forms throughout. Foreign applicants also need a work visa (ใ–ใ„ใ‚Šใ‚…ใ†ใ—ใ‹ใ); companies that hire from abroad usually help with it, but ask early. Be careful before you rely on any one source for visa rules, because they change.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ๆ™‚ and ๆœˆ In job listings you see pay written as ๆ™‚็ตฆ (jikyลซ, hourly wage) and ๆœˆ็ตฆ (gekkyลซ, monthly salary). ๆ™‚ (ji, toki, time, hour) and ๆœˆ (getsu, tsuki, month, moon) you know from times and dates. Have a look: ๆ™‚ โ–ธ ยท ๆœˆ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Introduce yourself formally: "My name is Smith. I look forward to this interview."

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2. Say you work at an IT company in Edinburgh.

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3. Say you can use Python but you cannot write kanji.

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4. Say you have never worked in Japan, but you have been there on holiday.

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5. Ask the interviewer whether there is overtime.

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6. Say you can start work from next month.

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