Buying Clothes

Japanese Basic Conversation 3

Chapter 1 ยท Buying Clothes: Sizes, Fit & Returns

๐Ÿ‘• Buying Clothes โ€” ใตใใ‚’ ใ‹ใ†

Welcome to Course 3. Courses 1 and 2 gave you short exchanges and many ready-made phrases; from here on the conversations get longer and you explain more of the grammar behind them. This chapter takes you into a Japanese department store (ใƒ‡ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆ): finding your size, trying things on, asking for another colour, understanding a sale, and exchanging or returning something. The new grammar is the plain (dictionary) form and the ใชใ„-form of the verb, the base of many patterns in the coming chapters. From this course on, dialog lines have no romaji: a Hard words note gives readings for the difficult words, and the tables keep romaji.

โ‘  Looking for a Jacket โ€” ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ ใ•ใŒใ™

A: Welcome. What are you looking for?
B: I'm looking for a jacket.
A: Is your size M or L?
B: Usually M, but sometimes it's a bit small.
A: Then please try it on in the fitting room.
B: Thank you.
Hard words: ใŠใ•ใŒใ— osagashi (polite "looking for") ยท ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บ saizu ยท ใ—ใกใ‚ƒใใ—ใค shichakushitsu ("fitting room") ยท ใใฆ ใฟใฆ kite mite ("try wearing")

โ‘ก In the Fitting Room โ€” ใ—ใกใ‚ƒใใ—ใคใง

A: Excuse me, may I try this on?
B: Yes, please. The fitting room is over there.
A: It's a bit big. Do you have one size smaller?
B: An S, right? One moment, please.
B: How is this one?
A: It fits perfectly. I'll take this one.
Hard words: ใ—ใกใ‚ƒใ shichaku ("trying on") ยท ใฒใจใค ใกใ„ใ•ใ„ hitotsu chiisai ("one size smaller") ยท ใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹ ikaga desu ka ("how is it?", polite) ยท ใดใฃใŸใ‚Š pittari ("a perfect fit")

โ‘ข Colour and Price โ€” ใ„ใ‚ใจ ใญใ ใ‚“

A: Do you have other colours?
B: We have black, blue and white.
A: I'll go for blue. How much is it with tax?
B: 12,800 yen including tax.
A: Is a card all right?
B: Yes, that's fine.
Hard words: ใปใ‹ใฎ hoka no ("other") ยท ใœใ„ใ“ใฟ zeikomi ("tax included") ยท 12,800ใˆใ‚“ichiman nisen happyaku en ยท ใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใถ daijลbu ("fine, all right")

โ‘ฃ Exchanging Something โ€” ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“

A: Excuse me, I bought this jacket yesterday.
A: The size didn't fit. Can I exchange it?
B: Do you have the receipt?
A: Yes, here it is.
B: Thank you. The tag is still on, I see. That's fine.
B: Would you like to swap it for an S, or return it?
A: Please swap it for an S.
Hard words: ใ‚ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใงใ—ใŸ aimasen deshita ("did not suit / fit") ยท ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“ kลkan ("exchange") ยท ใ‚ฟใ‚ฐ tagu ("tag") ยท ใคใ„ใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ tsuite imasu ("is attached") ยท ใธใ‚“ใดใ‚“ henpin ("return, refund")

โ‘ค In the Department Store โ€” ใƒ‡ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใง

A: Excuse me, which floor is menswear on?
B: The third floor. The escalator is over there.
A: Is there a sale on now?
B: Yes, coats are 30 percent off.
A: Where are the shoes?
B: The first basement floor.
Hard words: ใ†ใ‚Šใฐ uriba ("sales floor") ยท ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใ„ sangai ("3rd floor") ยท ใกใ‹ใ„ใฃใ‹ใ„ chika ikkai ("basement 1") ยท ใƒ‘ใƒผใ‚ปใƒณใƒˆใ‚ชใƒ• pฤsento ofu ("percent off")

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: What do you think of this?
B: Nice. It suits you.
A: But it's a bit expensive.
B: There's a sale next week. Shall we wait until then?
A: Yes, let's do that.
Hard words: ใซใ‚ใ† niau ("suits") ยท ใŸใ‹ใ„ใช takai na (casual "it's expensive, hmm") ยท ใพใค matsu (plain of ใพใกใพใ™, "wait") ยท ใใ†ใ™ใ‚‹ sล suru ("I'll do that")

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
May I try this on?
Shichaku shite mo ii desu ka.

Kite mite mo ii?
Do you have a bigger / smaller size?
Motto ลkii / chiisai saizu wa arimasu ka.

Motto ลkii no aru?
It fits perfectly.
Pittari desu.

Pittari!
It doesn't fit.
Saizu ga aimasen.

Saizu ga awanai.
I'll take this one.
Kore o kudasai. / Kore ni shimasu.

Kore ni suru.
Can I exchange / return it?
Kลkan / henpin dekimasu ka.

Kaete moraeru?

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

The verbs of clothes shopping, now with their plain form (dictionary form) and ใชใ„-form. The next section explains how to make both.

VerbPolite (present)Polite negativePlain (dictionary)ใชใ„-form
to wear (ใใ‚‹)
kimasu

kimasen

kiru

kinai
to take off (ใฌใ)
nugimasu

nugimasen

nugu

nuganai
to suit (ใซใ‚ใ†)
niaimasu

niaimasen

niau

niawanai

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. The plain (dictionary) form

So far every verb ended in ใพใ™. That is the polite form. The form listed in a dictionary is the plain form, and it is what you hear in casual speech (dialog โ‘ฅ: ใพใค, ใ™ใ‚‹) and what many new patterns are built on. There are three groups of verbs, and the polite form tells you which:

GroupRulePolite โ†’ plain
1 (u-verbs)the sound before ใพใ™ moves to its ใ†-row partner (ใ„ โ†’ ใ†, ใ โ†’ ใ, ใŽ โ†’ ใ, ใ— โ†’ ใ™, ใก โ†’ ใค, ใซ โ†’ ใฌ, ใณ โ†’ ใถ, ใฟ โ†’ ใ‚€, ใ‚Š โ†’ ใ‚‹) ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท (go home)
2 (ru-verbs)drop ใพใ™, add ใ‚‹. The sound before ใพใ™ is ใ„-row or ใˆ-row ยท ยท (wear) ยท
3 (irregular)just two verbs ยท (come)

Two traps. First, a few verbs look like Group 2 but belong to Group 1, such as ("go home") and ("enter"); you learn them as exceptions. Second, is two verbs: "wear" (Group 2) and "come" (Group 3). Context tells them apart: ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ ใใพใ™ against ใ†ใกใธ ใใพใ™.

2. The ใชใ„-form

The ใชใ„-form is the plain negative: "do not". It is made from the plain form.

GroupRuleExamples
1change the final ใ†-row sound to its ใ‚-row partner, add ใชใ„. After a vowel, use ใ‚ ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท
2drop ใ‚‹, add ใชใ„ ยท ยท
3irregular ยท

Two things you can already do with it. In casual speech it is the ordinary negative: "It doesn't fit." And means "please don't...", which you met as a ready-made phrase in Japanese Basic Conversation 2 8: "Please don't wash this garment." (The adjective form ใชใ„ works the same way: "It isn't very expensive.")

Watch out: plain form is for friends, not for strangers The plain form is the register for family, close friends and your own thoughts. Using ใ‚ตใ‚คใ‚บใŒ ใ‚ใ‚ใชใ„ to a shop assistant sounds rude, so in the shop keep to ใงใ™ / ใพใ™. You will use the plain form inside longer sentences in the next chapters (ใ€œใคใ‚‚ใ‚Šใงใ™, ใ€œใŸใ‚Š, ใ€œใ“ใจใŒ ใงใใพใ™), where the sentence still ends politely. Japanese Grammar 2 explains the verb forms in depth.

3. Size and fit

Fit is described with adjectives you know (ใŠใŠใใ„, ใกใ„ใ•ใ„) plus a few new ones. For "too...", drop the final ใ„ of an ใ„-adjective and add ใ™ใŽใพใ™: "too big", "too small", "too long". Add ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจ (a bit) to soften it in a shop.

MeaningJapaneseRomaji
just rightchลdo ii desu / pittari desu
too big / too smallลkisugimasu / chiisasugimasu
tightkitsui desu
looseyurui desu
too long / too shortnagasugimasu / mijikasugimasu

Sizes: clothes use S, M, L (ใ‚จใ‚น, ใ‚จใƒ , ใ‚จใƒซ) and LL (ใ‚จใƒซใ‚จใƒซ, extra large). Shoe sizes are in centimetres: (ใซใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ‚ˆใ‚“ใฆใ‚“ใ” ใ‚ปใƒณใƒ). Floors use ใ€œใ‹ใ„, which becomes ใŒใ„ after 3 (ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใ„); the first floor above ground is ใ„ใฃใ‹ใ„, and ใกใ‹ใ„ใฃใ‹ใ„ is the first basement floor.

4. Trying on, exchanging and returning

You want to...Say
try something on (ใ€œใฆใ‚‚ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹, Japanese Basic Conversation 2 8)
swap it for another size
get your money back (ใ€œใŸใ„ใงใ™, Japanese Basic Conversation 2 3)
say what went wrong (past, Japanese Basic Conversation 2 9)
show proof of purchase

๐Ÿ“ฐ Reading โ€” ใ‚ˆใฟใ‚‚ใฎ

A short text. Kanji appear with the reading in brackets the first time. Read it, then answer the true/false questions below.

ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใฎ ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“

Last Sunday I bought a jacket at a department store. It was size M, but when I tried it on at home it was a bit big. The next day I took the receipt to the shop. The assistant asked, "Would you like to swap it for an S, or return it?" I had it exchanged for an S. The assistant was very kind.

Words: ใคใŽใฎ ๆ—ฅ tsugi no hi (the next day) ยท ใ‚‚ใฃใฆ motte (taking, holding) ยท ใใใพใ—ใŸ kikimashita (asked) ยท ใจใฆใ‚‚ very ยท ใ—ใ‚“ใ›ใค shinsetsu (kind)

1. The writer bought the jacket at a department store.

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True: ใƒ‡ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒˆใง ใ‚ธใƒฃใ‚ฑใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’ ใ‹ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

2. The jacket was too small.

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False: it was a bit big (ใŠใŠใใ‹ใฃใŸ).

3. The writer took the receipt back to the shop the next day.

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True: ใคใŽใฎ ๆ—ฅใ€ใƒฌใ‚ทใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ€ใฟใ›ใธ ใ„ใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚

4. The writer got a refund.

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False: the jacket was exchanged for an S (Sใซ ใ“ใ†ใ‹ใ‚“ใ—ใฆ ใ‚‚ใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ).

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for clothes shopping. From this course on, common kanji appear in brackets after the kana.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1fukuclothesnoun
2jakettojacketnoun
3shatsushirtnoun
4zubontrousersnoun
5kutsushoesnoun
6saizusizenoun
7shichakushitsufitting roomnoun
8reshฤซtoreceiptnoun
9kลkanexchangenoun
10henpinreturn (of goods)noun
11sฤ“rusalenoun
12zeikomitax includednoun
13kimasuwear (on the upper body)verb
14nugimasutake offverb
15niaimasusuit, look good onverb
16ลkiibigi-adj.
17chiisaismalli-adj.
18kitsuitighti-adj.
19yuruiloosei-adj.
20pittaria perfect fit; exactlyadv.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Fitting Rooms and Returns Take your shoes off before stepping into a fitting room, and many shops give you a small face cover to protect clothes from make-up. Staff may ask ใŠใใ‚ƒใใ•ใพใ€ใ„ใ‹ใŒใงใ™ใ‹ from outside the curtain, so a short ใ ใ„ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†ใถใงใ™ or ใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใงใ™ is enough. Exchanges are usually easy with the receipt and the tags still on; refunds are less automatic than in the UK, and sale items are often marked ใ‚ปใƒผใƒซใฒใ‚“ใฏ ใธใ‚“ใดใ‚“ ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“ (sale items cannot be returned). Ask before you pay.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Sizes Run Small Japanese sizes are cut for a smaller frame than many Western ones, so a visitor who is a UK medium may need an L or LL, and long sleeves or trouser legs may be short. Department stores and large shops often have a "tax-free" counter for visitors (ใ‚ใ‚“ใœใ„): take your passport. Prices on tags are usually already ใœใ„ใ“ใฟ (tax included), but check the small print.
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ๅคง ไธญ ๅฐ and ๆ–ฐ Sizes are written ๅคง (dai, ลkii, big), ไธญ (chลซ, naka, middle) and ๅฐ (shล, chiisai, small): ๅคง is "L", ไธญ is "M" and ๅฐ is "S" on many shop signs and labels. ๆ–ฐ (shin, atarashii, new) appears on tags as ๆ–ฐๅ“ (shinpin, brand new) and in ใ—ใ‚“ใ•ใใ›ใ„ ("new arrivals"). Have a look: ๆ–ฐ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Ask if you may try on a shirt.

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2. Say the jacket is too big and ask for a size smaller.

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3. Give the plain form of: ใฎใฟใพใ™, ใŸในใพใ™, ใฌใŽใพใ™, ใ—ใพใ™.

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4. Give the ใชใ„-form of: ใ„ใ, ใฟใ‚‹, ใ‹ใ†, ใใ‚‹.

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5. You bought the wrong size yesterday. Ask to exchange it and say you have the receipt.

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6. With a friend, say "It suits you, but it's a bit expensive" (casual).

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