Home & Neighbourhood
Japanese Basic Conversation 2
Chapter 5 ยท Your Home & Neighbourhood
๐ Your Home & Neighbourhood โ ใใใจ ใพใใ
You met ใใใพใ and ใใพใ in Japanese Basic Conversation 1. Now you use them properly to describe a room, a flat and a neighbourhood: what is in it, where things are, and how many there are. This chapter adds the place words (ใใ, ใใ, ใชใ, ใจใชใ), the pattern ใใซ ใใ ใใใพใ, and the first counters (ใใค, ใใ, ใใพใ). This is the first chapter without a romaji line under each dialog line: each dialog ends with a short Hard words note instead. The tables keep their romaji.
โ Where Do You Live? โ ใใพใ
โก What's in the Room? โ ใธใใฎ ใชใ
โข The Neighbourhood โ ใกใใใฎ ใใฟใ
โฃ Counting Things โ ใใใใ
โค Looking at a Flat โ ใธใใใใ
โฅ Between Friends (casual) โ ใจใใ ใกใจ
๐ Key Phrases โ ใ ใใใช ใฒใใใใ
| English | Polite (ใงใ / ใพใ) | Casual (friends) |
|---|---|---|
| Is there ... here? | ใใใซ ใใ ใใใพใใใ Koko ni ... ga arimasu ka. | ใใใซ ใ ใใ? Koko ni ... aru? |
| Where is ...? | ใใฏ ใฉใใงใใใ ... wa doko desu ka. | ใใฏ ใฉใ? ... wa doko? |
| It's on the desk. | ใคใใใฎ ใใใซ ใใใพใใ Tsukue no ue ni arimasu. | ใคใใใฎ ใใใซ ใใใ Tsukue no ue ni aru. |
| How many? | ใใใค ใใใพใใใ Ikutsu arimasu ka. | ใใใค ใใ? Ikutsu aru? |
| Next to / near the station | ใใใฎ ใจใชใ / ใกใใ eki no tonari / chikaku | ใใใฎ ใจใชใ / ใกใใ eki no tonari / chikaku |
| Two, please. | ใตใใค ใใ ใใใ Futatsu kudasai. | ใตใใค ใกใใใ ใใ Futatsu chลdai. |
๐ค Three Verbs โ ใฉใใ
Verbs of home life. The plain form is for recognition for now.
| Verb | Polite (present) | Negative | Plain (dictionary) |
|---|---|---|---|
| to open (ใใใ) | ใใใพใ akemasu | ใใใพใใ akemasen | ใใใ akeru |
| to close (ใใใ) | ใใใพใ shimemasu | ใใใพใใ shimemasen | ใใใ shimeru |
| to live; to reside (ใใ) | ใใฟใพใ sumimasu | ใใฟใพใใ sumimasen | ใใ sumu |
Notice that ใใฟใพใใ is also the negative of ใใฟใพใ. Context makes clear which is meant: "I don't live ..." is ใใใง ใใพใใ (Chapter 10), while "Excuse me" is ใใฟใพใใ.
๐งฐ Grammar Tools โ ใถใใฝใ
1. ใใใพใ and ใใพใ
First taught in Japanese Basic Conversation 1: ใใใพใ is for things (including plants and buildings), ใใพใ is for people and animals. The negatives are ใใใพใใ and ใใพใใ.
2. ใใซ ใใ ใใใพใ: "there is ... in/at ..."
To say that something exists in a place, name the place first with ใซ, then the thing with ใ: ใธใใซ ใใใใ ใใใพใใ "There is a bed in the room." To say where a known thing is, make the thing the topic with ใฏ: ใใใใฏ ใธใใซ ใใใพใใ or ใใใใฏ ใฉใใซ ใใใพใใใ
| Use | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| What is there? | Place ใซ ใชใซใ ใใใพใใ | ใธใใซ ใชใซใ ใใใพใใใ |
| Is there ...? | Place ใซ Thing ใ ใใใพใใ | ใกใใใซ ใณใณใใใ ใใใพใใใ |
| Where is the ...? | Thing ใฏ ใฉใใซ ใใใพใใ | ในใผใใผใฏ ใฉใใซ ใใใพใใใ |
| It is at ... | Thing ใฏ Place ใซ ใใใพใ | ใใใใใฏ ใใใฎ ใพใใซ ใใใพใใ |
3. Place words
| Word | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ใใ ue | on, above | ใคใใใฎ ใใ |
| ใใ shita | under, below | ใใใใฎ ใใ |
| ใชใ naka | inside | ใใฐใใฎ ใชใ |
| ใใจ soto | outside | ใใใฎ ใใจ |
| ใพใ mae | in front of | ใใใฎ ใพใ |
| ใใใ ushiro | behind | ใใใณใใใใใฎ ใใใ |
| ใใ / ใจใชใ yoko / tonari | beside / next door | ใใใใใฎ ใจใชใ |
| ใกใใ chikaku | near | ใใใฎ ใกใใ |
| ใใใ aida | between | AใจBใฎ ใใใ |
The pattern is always Noun + ใฎ + place word (ใคใใใฎ ใใ, "the top of the desk"), and then ใซ before ใใใพใ/ใใพใ.
4. Counters: ใค, ใ and ใพใ
Japanese counts things with a number plus a counter that depends on the kind of thing. There are three you can use for nearly everything at this stage.
| Count | Native series (ใใค) | Small objects (ใใ) | Flat things (ใใพใ) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใฒใจใค hitotsu | ใใฃใ ikko | ใใกใพใ ichimai |
| 2 | ใตใใค futatsu | ใซใ niko | ใซใพใ nimai |
| 3 | ใฟใฃใค mittsu | ใใใ sanko | ใใใพใ sanmai |
| 4 | ใใฃใค yottsu | ใใใ yonko | ใใใพใ yonmai |
| 5 | ใใคใค itsutsu | ใใ goko | ใใพใ gomai |
| 6 | ใใฃใค muttsu | ใใฃใ rokko | ใใใพใ rokumai |
| 7 | ใชใชใค nanatsu | ใชใชใ nanako | ใชใชใพใ nanamai |
| 8 | ใใฃใค yattsu | ใฏใฃใ hakko | ใฏใกใพใ hachimai |
| 9 | ใใใฎใค kokonotsu | ใใ ใใ kyลซko | ใใ ใใพใ kyลซmai |
| 10 | ใจใ tล | ใใ ใฃใ jukko | ใใ ใใพใ jลซmai |
The ใใค series (up to 10) can be used for almost anything when you do not know the right counter. After ten you use ordinary numbers: ใใ ใใใก. ใใ is for small, round or boxed things (apples, cakes, eggs). ใใพใ is for flat, thin things (tickets, paper, shirts, CDs). Counters go after the thing and its particle, directly before the verb: ใใใใ ใฟใฃใค ใใ ใใใ
๐ Vocabulary โ ใใ
20 key words for home and neighbourhood.
| # | Japanese | Romaji | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ใใ | ue | on, above, top | noun |
| 2 | ใใ | shita | under, below | noun |
| 3 | ใชใ | naka | inside | noun |
| 4 | ใจใชใ | tonari | next to, next door | noun |
| 5 | ใกใใ | chikaku | near, nearby | noun |
| 6 | ใใใ | ushiro | behind | noun |
| 7 | ใใ | yoko | beside; side | noun |
| 8 | ใธใ | heya | room | noun |
| 9 | ใ ใใฉใใ | daidokoro | kitchen | noun |
| 10 | ใใตใ | ofuro | bath; bathroom | noun |
| 11 | ใใคใฌ | toire | toilet | noun |
| 12 | ใใใใ | genkan | entrance hall | noun |
| 13 | ใใฉใณใ | beranda | balcony | noun |
| 14 | ใฏใณใซใผใ | wanrลซmu | studio flat (one room) | noun |
| 15 | ใณใณใใ | konbini | convenience store | noun |
| 16 | ใใใใ | kลen | park | noun |
| 17 | ใใใใ | ginkล | bank | noun |
| 18 | ใใใณใใใใ | yลซbinkyoku | post office | noun |
| 19 | ใกใใ | chikai | near, close | i-adj. |
| 20 | ใจใใ | tลi | far | i-adj. |
โ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ ใใใใ ใ
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "There is a bed in the room."
Show answer
ใธใใซ ใใใใ ใใใพใใ
2. Say "The cat is under the desk."
Show answer
ใญใใฏ ใคใใใฎ ใใใซ ใใพใใ ใใพใ for a living thing.
3. Ask "Is there a convenience store near here?"
Show answer
ใกใใใซ ใณใณใใใ ใใใพใใใ
4. Say "The bank is next to the post office."
Show answer
ใใใใใฏ ใใใณใใใใใฎ ใจใชใใงใใ (or ...ใฎ ใจใชใใซ ใใใพใ)
5. Ask for "three apples, please" and "two tickets, please".
Show answer
ใใใใ ใฟใฃใค ใใ ใใใ ยท ใใฃใทใ ใซใพใ ใใ ใใใ
6. Which counter for people: ใใ or ใใซใ?
Show answer
ใใซใ (with ใฒใจใ, ใตใใ for 1 and 2).