Home & Neighbourhood

Japanese Basic Conversation 2

Chapter 5 ยท Your Home & Neighbourhood

๐Ÿ  Your Home & Neighbourhood โ€” ใ„ใˆใจ ใพใ‚ใ‚Š

You met ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ and ใ„ใพใ™ in Japanese Basic Conversation 1. Now you use them properly to describe a room, a flat and a neighbourhood: what is in it, where things are, and how many there are. This chapter adds the place words (ใ†ใˆ, ใ—ใŸ, ใชใ‹, ใจใชใ‚Š), the pattern ใ€œใซ ใ€œใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™, and the first counters (ใ€œใค, ใ€œใ“, ใ€œใพใ„). This is the first chapter without a romaji line under each dialog line: each dialog ends with a short Hard words note instead. The tables keep their romaji.

โ‘  Where Do You Live? โ€” ใ™ใพใ„

A: Where is your home?
B: It's near the station.
A: How many rooms are there?
B: It's a studio flat.
A: Is it spacious?
B: No, it's not very spacious. But it's clean.
Hard words: ใกใ‹ใ chikaku ยท ใ„ใใค ikutsu ยท ใƒฏใƒณใƒซใƒผใƒ  wan-rลซmu ยท ใฒใ‚ใ„ hiroi

โ‘ก What's in the Room? โ€” ใธใ‚„ใฎ ใชใ‹

A: What is there in your room?
B: There's a bed and a desk.
A: Where is the TV?
B: The TV is on the desk.
A: Do you have a cat?
B: Yes. It's under the bed.
Hard words: ใคใใˆ tsukue ยท ใ†ใˆ ue ยท ใ—ใŸ shita ยท ใ„ใพใ™ imasu (for living things)

โ‘ข The Neighbourhood โ€” ใกใ‹ใใฎ ใŠใฟใ›

A: Is there a convenience store nearby?
B: Yes, in front of the station.
A: And a supermarket?
B: The supermarket is next to the park.
A: Where is the bank?
B: It's behind the post office.
Hard words: ใ‚ณใƒณใƒ“ใƒ‹ konbini ยท ใ“ใ†ใˆใ‚“ kลen ยท ใจใชใ‚Š tonari ยท ใŽใ‚“ใ“ใ† ginkล ยท ใ‚†ใ†ใณใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ yลซbinkyoku ยท ใ†ใ—ใ‚ ushiro

โ‘ฃ Counting Things โ€” ใ‹ใžใˆใ‚‹

A: Excuse me, two cakes, please.
B: Yes, two, right?
A: And three apples, please.
B: The apples are 100 yen each.
A: Then how much is it altogether?
B: The cakes are 600 yen for two and the apples are 300 yen. 900 yen in all.
Hard words: ใตใŸใค futatsu ยท ใฟใฃใค mittsu ยท ใ„ใฃใ“ ikko ยท ใซใ“ niko ยท ใœใ‚“ใถใง zenbu de ยท 600 roppyaku ยท 300 sanbyaku ยท 900 kyลซhyaku

โ‘ค Looking at a Flat โ€” ใธใ‚„ใ•ใŒใ—

A: How many tatami mats is this room?
B: Six mats.
A: Is there a bathroom and a toilet?
B: Yes. There's a balcony too.
A: How far is it to the station?
B: Ten minutes. It's close.
Hard words: ใ‚ใใ˜ใ‚‡ใ† rokujล ยท ใŠใตใ‚ ofuro ยท ใƒ™ใƒฉใƒณใƒ€ beranda ยท ใฉใฎใใ‚‰ใ„ dono kurai ยท ใ˜ใ‚…ใฃใทใ‚“ juppun

โ‘ฅ Between Friends (casual) โ€” ใจใ‚‚ใ ใกใจ

A: Nice room.
B: Yeah, it's close to the station.
A: Is there a convenience store nearby?
B: Yes, right in front.
Hard words: ใกใ‹ใ„ใ‚“ใ  chikai n da ("it's close, you see") ยท ใ‚ใ‚‹ aru (plain of ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™)

๐Ÿ”‘ Key Phrases โ€” ใ ใ„ใ˜ใช ใฒใ‚‡ใ†ใ’ใ‚“

EnglishPolite (ใงใ™ / ใพใ™)Casual (friends)
Is there ... here?
Koko ni ... ga arimasu ka.

Koko ni ... aru?
Where is ...?
... wa doko desu ka.

... wa doko?
It's on the desk.
Tsukue no ue ni arimasu.

Tsukue no ue ni aru.
How many?
Ikutsu arimasu ka.

Ikutsu aru?
Next to / near the station
eki no tonari / chikaku

eki no tonari / chikaku
Two, please.
Futatsu kudasai.

Futatsu chลdai.

๐Ÿ”ค Three Verbs โ€” ใฉใ†ใ—

Verbs of home life. The plain form is for recognition for now.

VerbPolite (present)NegativePlain (dictionary)
to open (ใ‚ใ‘ใ‚‹)
akemasu

akemasen

akeru
to close (ใ—ใ‚ใ‚‹)
shimemasu

shimemasen

shimeru
to live; to reside (ใ™ใ‚€)
sumimasu

sumimasen

sumu

Notice that is also the negative of ใ™ใฟใพใ™. Context makes clear which is meant: "I don't live ..." is ใ™ใ‚“ใง ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ (Chapter 10), while "Excuse me" is ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“.

๐Ÿงฐ Grammar Tools โ€” ใถใ‚“ใฝใ†

1. ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ and ใ„ใพใ™

First taught in Japanese Basic Conversation 1: ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ is for things (including plants and buildings), ใ„ใพใ™ is for people and animals. The negatives are ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ and ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“.

2. ใ€œใซ ใ€œใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™: "there is ... in/at ..."

To say that something exists in a place, name the place first with ใซ, then the thing with ใŒ: "There is a bed in the room." To say where a known thing is, make the thing the topic with ใฏ: or

UsePatternExample
What is there?Place ใซ ใชใซใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹
Is there ...?Place ใซ Thing ใŒ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹
Where is the ...?Thing ใฏ ใฉใ“ใซ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹
It is at ...Thing ใฏ Place ใซ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™

3. Place words

WordMeaningExample
ueon, above
shitaunder, below
nakainside
sotooutside
maein front of
ushirobehind
yoko / tonaribeside / next door
chikakunear
aidabetween

The pattern is always Noun + ใฎ + place word (ใคใใˆใฎ ใ†ใˆ, "the top of the desk"), and then ใซ before ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™/ใ„ใพใ™.

4. Counters: ใค, ใ“ and ใพใ„

Japanese counts things with a number plus a counter that depends on the kind of thing. There are three you can use for nearly everything at this stage.

CountNative series (ใ€œใค)Small objects (ใ€œใ“)Flat things (ใ€œใพใ„)
1 hitotsu ikko ichimai
2 futatsu niko nimai
3 mittsu sanko sanmai
4 yottsu yonko yonmai
5 itsutsu goko gomai
6 muttsu rokko rokumai
7 nanatsu nanako nanamai
8 yattsu hakko hachimai
9 kokonotsu kyลซko kyลซmai
10 tล jukko jลซmai

The ใ€œใค series (up to 10) can be used for almost anything when you do not know the right counter. After ten you use ordinary numbers: ใ˜ใ‚…ใ†ใ„ใก. ใ€œใ“ is for small, round or boxed things (apples, cakes, eggs). ใ€œใพใ„ is for flat, thin things (tickets, paper, shirts, CDs). Counters go after the thing and its particle, directly before the verb:

Watch out: people have their own counter People are counted with ใ€œใซใ‚“, with two irregular forms: ใฒใจใ‚Š (1) and ใตใŸใ‚Š (2); from three it is regular: ใ•ใ‚“ใซใ‚“, ใ‚ˆใซใ‚“, ใ”ใซใ‚“. Do not use ใ€œใค or ใ€œใ“ for people. You will use these in a restaurant in Chapter 7 ("a table for two": ใตใŸใ‚Šใงใ™).

๐Ÿ“– Vocabulary โ€” ใ”ใ„

20 key words for home and neighbourhood.

#JapaneseRomajiEnglishType
1ueon, above, topnoun
2shitaunder, belownoun
3nakainsidenoun
4tonarinext to, next doornoun
5chikakunear, nearbynoun
6ushirobehindnoun
7yokobeside; sidenoun
8heyaroomnoun
9daidokorokitchennoun
10ofurobath; bathroomnoun
11toiretoiletnoun
12genkanentrance hallnoun
13berandabalconynoun
14wanrลซmustudio flat (one room)noun
15konbiniconvenience storenoun
16kลenparknoun
17ginkลbanknoun
18yลซbinkyokupost officenoun
19chikainear, closei-adj.
20tลifari-adj.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” The ใ’ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“ and Taking Off Your Shoes A Japanese home has a lower entrance area, the ใ’ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“, where shoes are taken off before you step up into the house. Point your shoes toward the door, step up in your socks, and use ใ‚นใƒชใƒƒใƒ‘ (slippers) if they are offered. Toilets often have their own slippers, to be changed on the spot. Leaving shoes on in the ใ’ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚“ is a common mistake for visitors; when in doubt, look at what your host does and say ใŠใ˜ใ‚ƒใพใ—ใพใ™ ("sorry to disturb") as you step in.
Real Japanese Tip โ€” Reading a Flat Listing Flats are described by a short code: ใƒฏใƒณใƒซใƒผใƒ  (one room), 1K (one room plus a separate kitchen), 1LDK (one room plus a living-dining-kitchen area), 2LDK (two rooms plus a living-dining-kitchen). Room size is often given in ใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†, the number of tatami mats: a six-mat room (ใ‚ใใ˜ใ‚‡ใ†) is roughly 10 square metres. Many listings also give the walking time to the nearest station, such as ใˆใ ใจใป ใ˜ใ‚…ใฃใทใ‚“ (a ten-minute walk).
Kanji Spotlight โ€” ไธŠ ไธ‹ ๅ‰ You met ไธŠ (ue, jล, up, above), ไธ‹ (shita, ka, down, below) and ๅ‰ (mae, zen, in front, before) in Japanese Basic Conversation 1. They are the place words of this chapter, written as kanji: ๆœบใฎไธŠ (on the desk), ใƒ™ใƒƒใƒ‰ใฎไธ‹ (under the bed), ้ง…ใฎๅ‰ (in front of the station). Have a look: ไธŠ โ–ธ ยท ไธ‹ โ–ธ ยท ๅ‰ โ–ธ

โœ๏ธ Try It Yourself โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.

1. Say "There is a bed in the room."

Show answer

2. Say "The cat is under the desk."

Show answer

ใ„ใพใ™ for a living thing.

3. Ask "Is there a convenience store near here?"

Show answer

4. Say "The bank is next to the post office."

Show answer

(or ...ใฎ ใจใชใ‚Šใซ ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™)

5. Ask for "three apples, please" and "two tickets, please".

Show answer

ยท

6. Which counter for people: or ?

Show answer

(with ใฒใจใ‚Š, ใตใŸใ‚Š for 1 and 2).

Coming Up in Chapter 6 Weather and seasons: ใฆใ‚“ใ, ใ‚ใ‚, ใ‚†ใ, ใฏใ‚Œ, ใใ‚‚ใ‚Š, ใ‚ใคใ„ and ใ•ใ‚€ใ„, the four seasons, ใ€œใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ† ("it will probably ..."), and comparing with ใ€œใ‚ˆใ‚Š and ใ€œใฎใปใ†ใŒ.