Family
Esperanto Basic Conversation 1
Chapter 5 · Talking About Your Family
👨👩👧 Talking About Your Family — Mia familio
In this chapter you will name your relatives, ask about other people's families and say how many brothers, sisters or children you have. Esperanto family words are a perfect showcase for word-building: a few roots plus -in- (female) and ge- (both sexes together) give you the whole family tree.
① Brothers and Sisters — Fratoj kaj fratinoj
② Parents — Gepatroj
③ Grandparents — Geavoj
④ Children — Infanoj
⑤ A Photograph — Jen mia familio
⑥ Cousins — Kuzoj
🗝️ Key Phrases — Gravaj frazoj
| Situation | Standard | Short / friendly |
|---|---|---|
| Do you have brothers or sisters? | Ĉu vi havas gefratojn? | Ĉu gefratojn? |
| I have one brother | Mi havas unu fraton. | Unu fraton. |
| Do you have children? | Ĉu vi havas infanojn? | Ĉu infanojn? |
| This is my … | Jen mia patro. | Jen mia patro. |
| What is your mother called? | Kiel nomiĝas via patrino? | Kiu estas via patrino? |
| How old is he/she? | Kiom aĝa li/ŝi estas? | Kiom da jaroj? |
| A lovely family! | Bela familio! | Bela! |
👪 The Family Table — La familia tabelo
Start from the masculine form. Add -in- before the final -o for the female, and ge- at the front (with plural -j) for a mixed group.
| Male | Female | Mixed group (plural) |
|---|---|---|
| patro (father) | patrino (mother) | gepatroj (parents) |
| frato (brother) | fratino (sister) | gefratoj (siblings) |
| filo (son) | filino (daughter) | gefiloj (sons and daughters) |
| avo (grandfather) | avino (grandmother) | geavoj (grandparents) |
| edzo (husband) | edzino (wife) | geedzoj (married couple) |
| onklo (uncle) | onklino (aunt) | geonkloj (uncle and aunt) |
| kuzo (cousin, male) | kuzino (cousin, female) | gekuzoj (cousins, mixed) |
🧑 My, Your, His — Posedaj vortoj
The possessives are the pronoun plus -a, and they agree with the noun, like any adjective: add -j for plural and -n for the object.
| Pronoun | Possessive | Example |
|---|---|---|
| mi | mia | mia patro, miaj gepatroj |
| vi | via | via fratino, viajn fratinojn |
| li | lia | lia avo |
| ŝi | ŝia | ŝia edzo |
| ni | nia | nia familio |
| ili | ilia | ilia filo |
🔤 Three Verbs for Family — Verboj
| Tense | ami (to love) | vidi (to see) | vivi (to live, be alive) |
|---|---|---|---|
| present | amas | vidas | vivas |
| past | amis | vidis | vivis |
| future | amos | vidos | vivos |
📖 Vocabulary — Vortaro
20 key words. The Stress column shows the stressed syllable in CAPITALS.
| # | Esperanto | Stress | English | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | familio | fa-mi-LI-o | family | noun |
| 2 | patro | PA-tro | father | noun |
| 3 | patrino | pa-TRI-no | mother | noun |
| 4 | gepatroj | ge-PA-troj | parents | noun |
| 5 | frato | FRA-to | brother | noun |
| 6 | fratino | fra-TI-no | sister | noun |
| 7 | gefratoj | ge-FRA-toj | siblings | noun |
| 8 | filo | FI-lo | son | noun |
| 9 | filino | fi-LI-no | daughter | noun |
| 10 | infano | in-FA-no | child | noun |
| 11 | avo | A-vo | grandfather | noun |
| 12 | avino | a-VI-no | grandmother | noun |
| 13 | edzo | ED-zo | husband | noun |
| 14 | edzino | ed-ZI-no | wife | noun |
| 15 | onklo | ON-klo | uncle | noun |
| 16 | onklino | on-KLI-no | aunt | noun |
| 17 | kuzo | KU-zo | cousin | noun |
| 18 | nepo | NE-po | grandson, grandchild | noun |
| 19 | aŭ | AW | or | conj |
| 20 | ofte | OF-te | often | adv |
✍️ Try It Yourself — Ekzercoj
Say each answer out loud first, then click to check.
1. Say "I have a sister and two brothers".
Show answer
Mi havas fratinon kaj du fratojn.
2. Ask a friend whether they have children.
Show answer
Ĉu vi havas infanojn?
3. Make the word for "grandparents" from avo.
Show answer
geavoj
4. Introduce a photo: "This is my mother and this is my father".
Show answer
Jen mia patrino kaj jen mia patro.
5. Say "My parents live in Scotland".
Show answer
Miaj gepatroj loĝas en Skotlando.
6. Say "I see my cousins often".
Show answer
Mi ofte vidas miajn kuzojn.