Exercise 1 solution

Rules used: protons = atomic number Z; neutrons = A - Z (mass number minus atomic number); in an uncharged atom, electrons = protons.

Chlorine-37 (Z = 17, A = 37):
  protons   = 17
  neutrons  = 37 - 17 = 20
  electrons = 17 (uncharged)

Carbon-14 (Z = 6, A = 14):
  protons   = 6
  neutrons  = 14 - 6 = 8
  electrons = 6 (uncharged)

Check: protons + neutrons gives back the mass number (17 + 20 = 37; 6 + 8 = 14).

The arithmetic was checked with Python.