Personal Catalogue: PHP & MySQL — Chapter 8, Exercise 2
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TASK
Build bulk_add.php against your real database and paste in five book
titles, one per line, including one title that's an exact duplicate
of a book already in your catalogue from an earlier chapter. Confirm
the results message correctly reports 4 added and 1 skipped, and that
the database contains exactly one row for the duplicate title, not
two.

SOLUTION

Assuming "Fluent Python" already exists in the catalogue as a book
from an earlier chapter, submit bulk_add.php with Type set to "book"
and the textarea containing:

    Fluent Python
    Clean Code
    The Pragmatic Programmer
    Refactoring
    Design Patterns

Since "Fluent Python" is an exact match (same title, same item type)
against an existing row, $checkStmt->execute() finds it and the loop
adds it to $skipped instead of inserting it. The other four titles
have no match and are inserted normally.

The page should display:

    Added 4 item(s). Skipped 1 likely duplicate(s): Fluent Python

Confirm at the mysql> prompt:

    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM items WHERE title = 'Fluent Python';

Expected output: 1 (not 2) — proving the duplicate check genuinely
prevented a second insert, rather than the "skipped" message just
being cosmetic while a duplicate row was created anyway.

Also confirm the four new titles were actually inserted:

    SELECT title FROM items
    WHERE title IN ('Clean Code', 'The Pragmatic Programmer', 'Refactoring', 'Design Patterns');

Expected output: all four titles present, one row each.

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
----------------------------
It deliberately includes a real, exact duplicate in the pasted batch
to exercise the skip logic specifically, and verifies both halves of
the outcome — the message reports the correct counts, and the
database itself genuinely contains only one row for the duplicate
title — rather than trusting the displayed message alone.