Exercise 2 solution

The value: honesty. The Value (ethics) page treats a value as a broad preference about what ought to be, and a norm as a specific standard for a particular situation. So each answer below should be a specific rule, not another general principle.

Three norms expressing honesty (my own examples; several answers would do):
- School: you do not copy another pupil's work and hand it in as your own.
- Shopping: you tell the cashier if you are given too much change.
- Friendship: you do not tell a friend something you know to be false about where you were.

All three express one value but they apply in different settings and are enforced differently: the first may be a formal school rule, the second is informal, the third depends on the friendship (check).

Two values in conflict: honesty and kindness. A friend asks whether you like a gift you actually dislike. Honesty says say so; kindness says soften it.

How a norm settles it: many groups have a norm that you may leave out a harsh opinion, or say something true but gentle, such as thanking the giver for the thought. That norm lets neither value fully win but keeps both visible. Which norm applies differs between groups, which is the point of Chapter 3's discussion of norms and of Chapter 1's idea that such rules exist outside any one person (the link to Chapter 1 is my own) (check).

What matters in a good answer: each norm is specific and tied to a setting, and the conflict example shows a norm doing work between two values.