Exercise 3 solution

Mated queen: a queen only (sold mated).
Package: a queen plus two to five pounds (0.91 to 2.27 kg) of bees.
Nucleus colony: includes frames of brood.
Full colony: a whole colony.
Brood by-product: the article says brood (eggs, larvae, pupae) is edible and highly nutritious and is often harvested as a by-product when a beekeeper has excess bees. The article does not describe it as a way of buying bees, so this row is really a product, not a purchase.

Opinion (not from the article): a beginner may find a full colony hardest to judge because there is the most in it to inspect, though the article gives no guidance on judging any of them.