Exercise 1: Telling Three Simultaneous SSH Sessions Apart — Possible Solution ==================================================================== Explanation: Per the chapter, "a single TCP connection is uniquely identified by four values together: source IP, source port, destination IP, and destination port. This four-value combination -- not any single one of them -- is what distinguishes one connection from every other connection happening at the same moment, even between the exact same two machines." In this scenario, three of those four values are genuinely identical across all three SSH sessions: the source IP (the laptop's own address) is the same for all three, the destination IP (the server's address) is the same for all three, and the destination port is the same for all three (port 22, per the chapter's own well-known-ports table for SSH). The value that differs is the source port. Per the chapter's own ephemeral-port section, "every connection has two ports, not one: the well-known port on the server side... and a temporary, dynamically assigned ephemeral port on the client side." Each time the laptop opens a new SSH session to the same server, the operating system assigns that new connection a different, previously-unused ephemeral port from its own dynamic range (per the chapter, typically 49152-65535). So the three sessions might look like: Session 1: laptop:51200 -> server:22 Session 2: laptop:51201 -> server:22 Session 3: laptop:51202 -> server:22 Even though the destination IP and destination port are identical across all three -- exactly as stated in the question -- the source port differs for each one, which is enough on its own to make each full 4-tuple unique. The server (and the laptop's own operating system) uses this complete 4-tuple, not just the destination information, to track each session as a genuinely separate connection, directly mirroring the chapter's own two-browser-tab example. WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER ------------------------------ This identifies specifically which of the four values differs (source port) and which three are identical, using the chapter's own explicit 4-tuple definition rather than vaguely asserting the connections are "tracked separately" without explaining the actual distinguishing value.