Writing Systems of the World 9, Exercise 1: shallow and deep

Shallow: Spanish (clear one-to-one correspondence between phonemes and
graphemes) and Hawaiian (only 13 letters, which the article offers as a
shallow example).
Deep: English (the article's comparison with Spanish) and Navajo (the article's
example of subtle tonal and nasal distinctions represented with complexity).

What the article reports about reading: children learn to read faster in
shallow orthographies like Spanish than in deep ones like English.