Sociolinguistics 8, Exercise 1: routes and planning types

Routes: Standard English was standardised informally and piecemeal, without
formal government intervention (the Language planning article adds Caxton's
printing press and the prestige of the London dialect). Standard French (and
Spanish) was directed by prescriptive institutions: the Académie Française (and the Royal Spanish
Academy).

Planning types:
(a) Irish an hour a day in primary school: acquisition planning (influencing
    language through education).
(b) Coining Hungarian words: corpus planning (modernization of vocabulary).
(c) Quechua coequal with Spanish: status planning (allocating a language to
    functional domains / official status).

Source: Wikipedia, Standard language; Language planning.