navi1-2 Exercise 3: Why Na'vi Is Hard for English Speakers =========================================================== A sample answer. Yours may differ. Three sounds to learn from scratch - the ejectives px, tx, kx (a sharp, popped p, t, k) - the glottal stop ' as a real consonant (as in Na'vi) - the syllabic consonants ll and rr (they carry a syllable like a vowel) (also acceptable: starting a word with ng or with ts) An English sound Na'vi lacks - b, d and g (Na'vi has no voiced stops) A spelling trap - tx, px, kx, ts and ng are digraphs: one sound written with two letters. The x is not a separate sound, and ng is not "n + g" as in "finger". - Another trap: ì and ä look like i and a but are different sounds. - Another: stress is contrastive and learned per word, not a fixed rule. Why it matters: English speakers tend to hear Na'vi through English habits, so they add a g after ng, say x as a separate sound, or put stress where English would. Learning each sound separately avoids that.