Challenge 3: Extract a CSV Column — Possible Solution
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perl -F, -lane 'print $F[2];' people.csv

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
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-a turns on autosplit mode, which splits each input line into the
@F array by whitespace by default — -F, overrides that default
delimiter to a comma, matching this chapter's own genuinely-awk-like
field-splitting example (-F, -lane '... $F[1] ...').

@F is 0-indexed, so for columns name,age,city the 3rd column (city)
is $F[2], not $F[3] — the same off-by-one trap that shows up anywhere
0-indexed arrays meet 1-indexed human counting (e.g. Course 1,
Chapter 6's array-index material).

-l handles line endings automatically (chomping the trailing newline
on input, re-adding one on output), so print $F[2]; doesn't need an
explicit "\n" appended and won't leave a stray trailing newline
character embedded in the split field itself.

-n(e) is implied by -a here through -lane combining -l, -a, -n, and
-e in one bundled flag group — the loop runs once per CSV row with no
automatic printing, and the explicit print $F[2]; is what actually
outputs the extracted column for each row.