Challenge 1: Build and Query a Hash — Possible Solution
====================================================================

use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say';

my %capitals = (
    "France" => "Paris",
    "Japan"  => "Tokyo",
    "Italy"  => "Rome",
);

say $capitals{"France"};

if (exists $capitals{"Germany"}) {
    say "Found";
} else {
    say "Not found";
}

Output:
Paris
Not found

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
------------------------------
my %capitals = (...) reuses the chapter's own hash-declaration pattern
exactly, with the => fat comma pairing each country with its capital,
matching the readability convention the chapter recommends.

$capitals{"France"} reuses the chapter's own single-value-access
pattern directly — curly braces, and the $ sigil rather than %, since
this asks for exactly one scalar value out of the hash, the same
sigil-switch rule established for $ages{"Ada"}.

exists $capitals{"Germany"} reuses the chapter's own exists function
exactly, checking specifically whether the key "Germany" is present
in the hash at all. Since "Germany" was never added, exists correctly
returns false, and the if/else prints "Not found" — this is the
correct tool for this check per the chapter's own warn-box, rather
than checking $capitals{"Germany"}'s truthiness directly, which would
also work here (an absent key is undef, which is false) but wouldn't
demonstrate the distinction the chapter specifically wants understood.