Wanting and Becoming

Japanese Grammar 2

Course 2 ยท Chapter 10 ยท Trying, Wanting and Becoming

๐ŸŒฑ Trying, Wanting and Becoming โ€” ใŸใ„ใƒปใ‚ˆใ†ใซใƒปใชใ‚‹

This chapter is about desire and change: what you want (and what someone else wants), what you try to do as a habit, and how situations and skills develop. You already know ใ€œใŸใ„ใงใ™ from Japanese Grammar 1; here it is placed in the wider system, and joined by ใ€œใŸใŒใ‚‹, ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹, ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ and ใ€œใใชใ‚‹ / ใ€œใซใชใ‚‹.

The rule in one box ใ€œใŸใ„ = I want to (stem + ใŸใ„; first person). ใ€œใŸใŒใ‚‹ = he/she wants to (third person). ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ = I make an effort to. ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ = I've come to (a change). ใ„-adj + ใ + ใชใ‚‹, ใช-adj / noun + ใซ + ใชใ‚‹ = become.

1. ใ€œใŸใ„ and ใ€œใŸใŒใ‚‹

SubjectFormExample
I (or you in a question)stem + ใŸใ„
I want to go to Japan.

What do you want to eat?
He, she, theystem + ใŸใŒใ‚‹
He wants to go to Japan.

ใ€œใŸใ„ inflects as an ใ„-adjective (ใ„ใใŸใใชใ„, ใ„ใใŸใ‹ใฃใŸ). ใ€œใŸใŒใ‚‹ is a Group 1 verb, usually used as ใ€œใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ (ใ„ใใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹, ใ„ใใŸใŒใ‚‰ใชใ„, ใ„ใใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใŸ). The ใŒ/ใ‚’ choice with ใ€œใŸใ„ is explained in Japanese Grammar 1 Chapter 11: ใฟใšใ‚’ / ใŒ ใฎใฟใŸใ„. With ใ€œใŸใŒใ‚‹ only ใ‚’ is used: ใฟใšใ‚’ ใฎใฟใŸใŒใ‚‹.

Watch out: you cannot read other people's minds A Japanese speaker does not directly state another person's feelings, so ใ‹ใ‚Œใฏ ใ„ใใŸใ„ใงใ™ sounds odd as a plain fact. Use ใ€œใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ("shows signs of wanting"), or hedge: ใ€œใŸใ„ใจ ใ„ใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ ("says he wants to"), ใ€œใŸใ„ใใ†ใงใ™. The same applies to ใปใ—ใ„ (want a thing), whose third-person form is ใปใ—ใŒใ‚‹: ใ“ใฉใ‚‚ใฏ ใ‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ—ใ„ ใŠใ‚‚ใกใ‚ƒใ‚’ ใปใ—ใŒใฃใฆ ใ„ใพใ™.

2. ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹: make an effort

Dictionary form or ใชใ„-form + ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹: to make an effort to / try to see to it that. It is typically a continuing habit, so ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ is common.

JapaneseEnglish

mainichi yasai o taberu yล ni shite imasu
I try to eat vegetables every day.
I try not to eat late at night.
Please make sure you're not late tomorrow.
ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ or ใ“ใจใซใ™ใ‚‹? ใ€œใ“ใจใซใ™ใ‚‹ (Chapter 9) is a one-time decision ("I've decided to eat less"). ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹ is a continuing effort ("I'm trying to eat less"), with no promise of success. The negative with ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ is ใ€œใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹.

3. ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹: come to be able to / start to

Dictionary form (usually the potential) + ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ marks a change from one situation to another: you come to be able to do something, or come to do it habitually.

JapaneseEnglish

nihongo ga hanaseru yล ni narimashita
I've become able to speak Japanese.
I've come to be able to eat sashimi.
I've started getting up early every morning.

The reverse, "no longer", is ใ€œใชใใชใ‚‹: ("Lately I've stopped eating much.") With a potential, also means "become unable": ("I've become unable to walk.")

4. Becoming: ใ€œใใชใ‚‹ and ใ€œใซใชใ‚‹

Word typeRuleExample
ใ„-adjectivedrop ใ„, add ใใชใ‚‹
ใฏใ‚‹ใซ ใชใฃใฆ ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‹ใ ใชใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
It has got warmer with spring.
ใ„ใ„ใ‚ˆใใชใ‚‹
My illness has got better.
ใช-adjectiveadd ใซใชใ‚‹
It has become quiet.
Nounadd ใซใชใ‚‹
I became a teacher.

The partner verb is ใ™ใ‚‹, "make": ("I'll make the room brighter.") ("I'll tidy the room.") Compare (it becomes brighter by itself) and (someone makes it so).

Watch out: ใซใชใ‚‹, ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹, ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ Three look-alikes: noun + ใซใชใ‚‹ (become a teacher), ใ€œใ“ใจใซใชใ‚‹ (it's been decided, Chapter 9), ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹ (come to be able to / start to). The first changes what something is; the second reports a decision; the third reports a changed ability or habit.

๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ In Use โ€” ใคใ‹ใ„ใ‹ใŸ

Wishes, habits and change.

โ‘  A friend's wish

A: Haruka-san wa nani o shitagatte imasu ka. What does Haruka want to do?
B: Nihon no onsen ni hairitagatte imasu. Watashi mo ikitai desu. She wants to go in a Japanese hot spring. I want to go too.

โ‘ก Healthy habits

A: Kenkล no tame ni nanika shite imasu ka. Do you do anything for your health?
B: Mainichi aruku yล ni shite imasu. Amai mono wa tabenai yล ni shite imasu. I try to walk every day. I try not to eat sweet things.

โ‘ข Progress

A: Nihongo ga jลzu ni narimashita ne. Your Japanese has got good.
B: Arigatล gozaimasu. Yatto nihongo no hon ga yomeru yล ni narimashita. Thank you. I can finally read Japanese books.

๐Ÿ“‹ Quick Reference

PatternMeaningExample
stem + ใŸใ„I want toใ„ใใŸใ„
stem + ใŸใŒใ‚‹he/she wants toใ„ใใŸใŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹
ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹make an effort toใŸในใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใ—ใฆ ใ„ใ‚‹
ใ€œใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚‹come to / start toใฏใชใ›ใ‚‹ ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ ใชใฃใŸ
ใ€œใชใใชใ‚‹no longerใŸในใชใ ใชใฃใŸ
ใ€œใใชใ‚‹become (ใ„-adj)ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‹ใ ใชใ‚‹
ใ€œใซใชใ‚‹become (ใช-adj / noun)ใ—ใšใ‹ใซ ใชใ‚‹; ใ›ใ‚“ใ›ใ„ใซ ใชใ‚‹

โœ๏ธ Practice โ€” ใ‚Œใ‚“ใ—ใ‚…ใ†

Try each one, then click to check.

1. Say "I want to see that film."

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2. Say "My brother wants a dog."

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3. Say "She wants to go to Korea."

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4. Say "I try to go to bed early."

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5. Say "I try not to be late."

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6. Say "I've become able to swim."

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7. Say "I've stopped drinking coffee."

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8. Say "It's become cold."

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9. Say "The town has become quiet."

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10. Choose: "I've decided to eat less" or "I'm trying to eat less" โ€” which uses ใ“ใจใซใ™ใ‚‹ and which ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ™ใ‚‹?

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"Decided" = (one-off decision); "trying" = (continuing effort).

Coming up in Chapter 11: Verbs as Nouns: ใ“ใจ and ใฎ. ใ€œใ“ใจ and ใ€œใฎ, ใ€œใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹, ใ€œใฎใŒๅฅฝใ, ใ€œใฎใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚ŒใŸ, and choosing between them.