Wanting and Becoming
Japanese Grammar 2
Course 2 ยท Chapter 10 ยท Trying, Wanting and Becoming
๐ฑ Trying, Wanting and Becoming โ ใใใปใใใซใปใชใ
This chapter is about desire and change: what you want (and what someone else wants), what you try to do as a habit, and how situations and skills develop. You already know ใใใใงใ from Japanese Grammar 1; here it is placed in the wider system, and joined by ใใใใ, ใใใใซใใ, ใใใใซใชใ and ใใใชใ / ใใซใชใ.
1. ใใใ and ใใใใ
| Subject | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I (or you in a question) | stem + ใใ | ใใใใฏ ใซใปใใธ ใใใใใงใใ I want to go to Japan. ใชใซใ ใในใใใงใใใ What do you want to eat? |
| He, she, they | stem + ใใใ | ใใใฏ ใซใปใใธ ใใใใใฃใฆ ใใพใใ He wants to go to Japan. |
ใใใ inflects as an ใ-adjective (ใใใใใชใ, ใใใใใฃใ). ใใใใ is a Group 1 verb, usually used as ใใใใฃใฆใใ (ใใใใใฃใฆใใ, ใใใใใใชใ, ใใใใใฃใฆใใ). The ใ/ใ choice with ใใใ is explained in Japanese Grammar 1 Chapter 11: ใฟใใ / ใ ใฎใฟใใ. With ใใใใ only ใ is used: ใฟใใ ใฎใฟใใใ.
2. ใใใใซใใ: make an effort
Dictionary form or ใชใ-form + ใใใซใใ: to make an effort to / try to see to it that. It is typically a continuing habit, so ใใใซใใฆใใ is common.
| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| ใพใใซใก ใใใใ ใในใ ใใใซ ใใฆ ใใพใใ mainichi yasai o taberu yล ni shite imasu | I try to eat vegetables every day. |
| ใใ ใใใ ใในใชใ ใใใซ ใใฆ ใใพใใ | I try not to eat late at night. |
| ใใใ ใใใใชใ ใใใซ ใใฆ ใใ ใใใ | Please make sure you're not late tomorrow. |
3. ใใใใซใชใ: come to be able to / start to
Dictionary form (usually the potential) + ใใใซใชใ marks a change from one situation to another: you come to be able to do something, or come to do it habitually.
| Japanese | English |
|---|---|
| ใซใปใใใ ใฏใชใใ ใใใซ ใชใใพใใใ nihongo ga hanaseru yล ni narimashita | I've become able to speak Japanese. |
| ใใใฟใ ใในใใใ ใใใซ ใชใใพใใใ | I've come to be able to eat sashimi. |
| ใพใใใ ใฏใใ ใใใ ใใใซ ใชใใพใใใ | I've started getting up early every morning. |
The reverse, "no longer", is ใใชใใชใ: ใใใใใใใพใ ใในใชใ ใชใใพใใใ ("Lately I've stopped eating much.") With a potential, ใใชใใชใ also means "become unable": ใใใใชใ ใชใใพใใใ ("I've become unable to walk.")
4. Becoming: ใใใชใ and ใใซใชใ
| Word type | Rule | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ใ-adjective | drop ใ, add ใใชใ | ใใใ โ ใใใ ใชใ ใฏใใซ ใชใฃใฆ ใใใใใ ใชใใพใใใ It has got warmer with spring. |
| ใใ | ใใใชใ | ใณใใใใ ใใ ใชใใพใใใ My illness has got better. |
| ใช-adjective | add ใซใชใ | ใใใใซ ใชใใพใใใ It has become quiet. |
| Noun | add ใซใชใ | ใใใใใซ ใชใใพใใใ I became a teacher. |
The partner verb is ใใ, "make": ใธใใ ใใใใ ใใพใใ ("I'll make the room brighter.") ใธใใ ใใใใซ ใใพใใ ("I'll tidy the room.") Compare ใใใใ ใชใ (it becomes brighter by itself) and ใใใใ ใใ (someone makes it so).
๐ฃ๏ธ In Use โ ใคใใใใ
Wishes, habits and change.
โ A friend's wish
โก Healthy habits
โข Progress
๐ Quick Reference
| Pattern | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| stem + ใใ | I want to | ใใใใ |
| stem + ใใใ | he/she wants to | ใใใใใฃใฆใใ |
| ใใใใซใใ | make an effort to | ใในใ ใใใซ ใใฆ ใใ |
| ใใใใซใชใ | come to / start to | ใฏใชใใ ใใใซ ใชใฃใ |
| ใใชใใชใ | no longer | ใในใชใ ใชใฃใ |
| ใใใชใ | become (ใ-adj) | ใใใใใ ใชใ |
| ใใซใชใ | become (ใช-adj / noun) | ใใใใซ ใชใ; ใใใใใซ ใชใ |
โ๏ธ Practice โ ใใใใ ใ
Try each one, then click to check.
1. Say "I want to see that film."
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ใใฎ ใใใใ ใฟใใใงใใ
2. Say "My brother wants a dog."
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ใใจใใจใฏ ใใฌใ ใปใใใฃใฆ ใใพใใ
3. Say "She wants to go to Korea."
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ใใฎใใใฏ ใใใใใธ ใใใใใฃใฆ ใใพใใ
4. Say "I try to go to bed early."
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ใฏใใ ใญใ ใใใซ ใใฆ ใใพใใ
5. Say "I try not to be late."
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ใใใใชใ ใใใซ ใใฆ ใใพใใ
6. Say "I've become able to swim."
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ใใใใ ใใใซ ใชใใพใใใ
7. Say "I've stopped drinking coffee."
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ใณใผใใผใ ใฎใพใชใ ใชใใพใใใ
8. Say "It's become cold."
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ใใใ ใชใใพใใใ
9. Say "The town has become quiet."
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ใพใกใ ใใใใซ ใชใใพใใใ
10. Choose: "I've decided to eat less" or "I'm trying to eat less" โ which uses ใใจใซใใ and which ใใใซใใ?
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"Decided" = ใธใใ ใใจใซ ใใพใใ (one-off decision); "trying" = ใในใชใ ใใใซ ใใฆ ใใพใ (continuing effort).