Exercise 2: sample answer

The air-filled tyre absorbed bumps, so rides became comfortable, and it reduced rolling resistance on rough roads, so machines were faster (race results in 1889 showed this, check). Dunlop is credited because he made it practical and commercial and started a company to produce it, although an earlier patent by R. W. Thomson existed and Dunlop's own patent was later challenged (check). The lesson is that "first to patent" and "first to make it work and sell" are different claims.