prize13-10, Exercise 3: The six review questions

Model answer (check the details):

1. Chaturanga (Sanskrit, India), chatrang (Middle Persian), shatranj (Arabic).
2. The pieces show how the game looked and how its figures were re-imagined (bishops, queens, warders), but rules come from texts, and the carvings do not show how a piece moved.
3. The queen moved any distance instead of one square, the bishop moved any distance diagonally, and the pawn gained a two-square first move (also castling gained fixed rules). The queen's change mattered most because it made attack fast and the game tactical.
4. It established that players from several countries could compete under common rules and produce one result, with Anderssen regarded as strongest. It left unsettled any official title, a federation and a rating system.
5. In 1948 FIDE took control of the title after Alekhine's death, ending personal ownership. In 1993 the champion and challenger left FIDE and set up a rival title, which lasted until 2006.
6. Both are stories in which a simple appearance hides a more complicated reality: the Turk hid a human operator, and "Fischer beat the system" hides one man, one match and a system that went on to win again.

Care: wording will differ; the facts should match the chapters.