eunion1-7, Exercise 2: Changes and responses

Model answer:

Two changes after the euro crisis (any two): temporary rescue funds became a permanent European Stability Mechanism; the ECB's president said in 2012 it would do "whatever it takes" and the bank later bought government bonds on a large scale; a banking union put the largest euro-area banks under a single supervisor; budget monitoring was tightened.

Two responses to the 2015 arrivals (any two): Germany allowed many Syrians to enter; other governments, particularly in central Europe, refused quotas for sharing asylum seekers; some states reintroduced internal border checks; the EU-Turkey deal of March 2016; years of negotiation leading to the Pact on Migration and Asylum in 2024.