taekwondo1-7, Exercise 3: Sorting the arts

Model answer:

- Ssireum: continuous. "Probably the oldest martial discipline of Korea"; "survived into the modern era with relatively clear continuity"; federation in 1920.
- Taekkyeon: revived. "Recorded history dating back at least to the 18th century"; nearly wiped out under the occupation; revived through Song Deok-gi; designated 1983.
- Taekwondo: mid-20th-century creation. Founders "emphasized Korean identity and historical continuity, often through terminology, symbolism, and naming" though techniques were "largely influenced by Japanese martial arts".
- Soo Bahk Do: mid-20th-century. Developed by Hwang Kee in the 1960s, "inspired in part by Gwonbeop and Hwang's interpretation of the manual Muyedobotongji".
- Yongmudo: newer. Created in 2001 by Yong In University professors combining their programmes into one hybrid art and sport.

Quote: "over time, some schools began emphasizing connections to traditional Korean martial arts and cultural heritage, though in many cases these links were largely symbolic rather than based on continuous practice". Connection: it is the same distinction made in Chapters 1 to 3 for taekwondo (a name and symbols from the older arts, but a 1940s-1950s founding, with the origin dispute between traditionalism and revisionism) and in Chapter 2 (no unbroken documented lineage from subak or taekkyeon).

Sources: Wikipedia, Korean martial arts.