hufilmtv1-7, Exercise 3: Before and after 1989

Model answer (check the details):

Channels: before 1989, one and later two state channels. After 1989, a second public channel for Hungarian audiences abroad (Duna Televizio, 1992), commercial national channels (RTL Klub and TV2) in the late 1990s, and cable and satellite channels.

Ownership: before 1989 the state owned and supervised television. Afterwards there was a public broadcaster alongside private commercial owners, regulated by a media law (1996), and the independence of public broadcasting has been argued over since.

Audience habits: before 1989 large audiences shared the same programmes at the same time. After 1989 the audience divided among many channels, later also videos and online services, so shared hits became rarer.

Caution: the figures and dates should be checked against broadcaster histories, and the later picture is still changing.