demusic1-5, Exercise 1: Two changes

Model answer (check the terms):

In the music: the leitmotif. Wagner used recurring themes tied to characters, objects or ideas, and wove them through the orchestra so that the music itself could comment on what was happening, recall earlier events or hint at what was to come. Opera was no longer a string of separate arias.

In the theatre: the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. Wagner had a theatre built for his works, with a hidden orchestra, a darkened auditorium and a seating plan that gave everyone a view of the stage, so the audience attended to the drama in a way that was unusual for the time. The festival format treated opera as a serious event, like a pilgrimage, apart from the ordinary social season.

Other valid answers include the Gesamtkunstwerk idea or the use of harmony in Tristan.