defestival1-4, Exercise 1: Four forms of carnival

Model answer (check the details):

Karneval, Rhineland (Cologne, Düsseldorf): carnival societies, the Dreigestirn in Cologne, large Rosenmontag processions with thrown sweets; cry "Alaaf" in Cologne and "Helau" in Düsseldorf.
Fastnacht, Mainz and Hesse: political satire in speeches and a televised sketch evening; cry "Helau".
Fasching, Bavaria: balls and costumes, with Munich's market traders' dance; less of a street procession culture.
Fasnet or Fasnacht, Swabian-Alemannic south-west: fools' guilds (Narrenzünfte), carved wooden masks and the Narrensprung parade; Rottweil and Elzach are well known.

Point: "German carnival" is several different traditions with different names, roots and styles, not one national festival.