frbd1-9, Exercise 2: Three difficulties of translating a comic

Model answer (check the details):

1. Space: the text must fit the speech balloon, and English is often shorter or longer than French. Solution: rewrite more concisely, reset the lettering, and sometimes redraw the balloon.
2. Wordplay: puns and names that work in French do not carry over (Chapter 5). Solution: invent a new joke that fits the character, as Bell and Hockridge did with Astérix (Panoramix became Getafix, check).
3. Local references and sound effects: French cultural or political allusions, regional accents and written sound effects drawn into the picture. Solution: substitute a familiar equivalent, add a brief note, or keep the original and let the picture carry it. For sound effects, replace the lettering with English equivalents.

Other points: the register (formal "vous" versus informal "tu") has no direct English equivalent; and the order of the pages is the same as the original, unlike manga, which is sometimes flipped.

Care: examples should be checked in the translated albums.