Exercise 1: Does 4.3:1 Pass WCAG Level AA for Normal Text? — Possible Solution
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No, this does not pass. WCAG's real Level AA requirement for normal
text is a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1, and the standard is
explicit that this is not a value to round toward - the real
documentation gives the specific example that even 4.499:1 does not
meet a 4.5:1 requirement. A measured ratio of 4.3:1 falls meaningfully
short of 4.5:1, not just short of a rounding threshold, so "close
enough" is not an accurate description of where this design actually
stands relative to the real requirement.

The fix is straightforward once the actual number is understood: the
designer needs to either darken the text, lighten the background (or
both), and re-measure until the real contrast ratio reaches at least
4.5:1 - anything below that number fails Level AA for normal-sized
text, regardless of how small the shortfall looks.

ANSWER: No, 4.3:1 does not pass Level AA - the real requirement for
normal text is 4.5:1, and the standard explicitly does not allow
rounding up close values. A ratio of 4.3:1 is genuinely below the
threshold, not merely on the rounding boundary, so the text or
background needs to be adjusted until the ratio actually reaches at
least 4.5:1.

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
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This correctly cites the exact real WCAG Level AA threshold and
applies the standard's own explicit no-rounding rule to explain why
"close enough" doesn't hold up, rather than treating the requirement as
an approximate guideline.