Exercise 1: A Mis-Spaced Label Violates Proximity — Possible Solution
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This violates the Gestalt principle of proximity, which says elements
placed close together are perceived as belonging to the same group.
With only 8 pixels between the next field's label and the input box
above it, but 40 pixels between that same input box and its own,
correct label above it, the visual distances actively work against
the real relationship between labels and fields.

A user scanning the form is likely to misread which label belongs to
which input - the next field's label, sitting close underneath the
wrong input box, will visually read as though it belongs to that
input rather than the one below it, since proximity is exactly the
cue people's perception relies on to decide what's grouped with what.
This isn't a matter of the labels being wrong in text - it's that
their spacing sends a visual signal that contradicts the form's own
actual structure.

ANSWER: This violates proximity - grouping elements by how close
together they are placed. Because the gap between a label and its own
field (40px) is larger than the gap between that field and the next
field's label (8px), a user is likely to misread which label belongs
to which field, perceiving the mismatched close pairing as the real
relationship instead.

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
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This correctly identifies proximity as the specific violated
principle and explains the concrete perceptual consequence (label
misattribution) using the actual pixel values given, rather than
describing the problem only in the abstract.