Exercise 3 solution

(a) A road drawing the viewer to a distant point: leading lines.
(b) Large empty sky above a small figure: negative space (the figure is positive space).
(c) A mirror-image layout: symmetry.
(d) A bright small object against a dark, large one: contrast (the article says small, high-contrast elements can match larger, duller ones in impact).
The rule of thirds on its own tends to produce an off-centre subject, which gives an asymmetric arrangement and is often combined with leaving open space (negative space) in front of a moving subject. It does not by itself produce leading lines or contrast.