chatbot1-10  Exercise 1: Intents and Reconnecting
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ex1.py (save in the project root; needs  pip install websockets):

  import asyncio, json
  import websockets
  from bot.channels.discord import DEFAULT_INTENTS, DiscordGateway, GatewayFatal, GUILDS, GUILD_MESSAGES, DIRECT_MESSAGES

  async def identify_with(intents):
      seen = []
      async def server(ws):
          await ws.send(json.dumps({"op": 10, "d": {"heartbeat_interval": 1000}}))
          seen.append(json.loads(await ws.recv()))
          await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
      async with websockets.serve(server, "127.0.0.1", 0) as srv:
          url = f"ws://127.0.0.1:{srv.sockets[0].getsockname()[1]}"
          gw = DiscordGateway("fake", url, lambda *_: None, intents=intents, rng=lambda: 0.5, reconnect_delay=0.01)
          task = asyncio.create_task(gw.run()); await asyncio.sleep(0.3); gw.stop(); task.cancel()
          await asyncio.gather(task, return_exceptions=True)
      return seen[0]["d"]["intents"]

  async def run_close(code):
      count = 0
      async def server(ws):
          nonlocal count
          count += 1
          await ws.send(json.dumps({"op": 10, "d": {"heartbeat_interval": 1000}}))
          await ws.recv()
          await ws.close(code=code, reason="demo")
      async with websockets.serve(server, "127.0.0.1", 0) as srv:
          url = f"ws://127.0.0.1:{srv.sockets[0].getsockname()[1]}"
          gw = DiscordGateway("fake", url, lambda *_: None, rng=lambda: 1.0, reconnect_delay=0.05, max_backoff=0.4)
          task = asyncio.create_task(gw.run())
          try:
              await asyncio.wait_for(asyncio.shield(task), 0.6)
              outcome = "returned"
          except GatewayFatal as e:
              outcome = f"GatewayFatal ({e})"
          except asyncio.TimeoutError:
              outcome = "still trying to reconnect, waits so far: " + ", ".join(e[5:] for e in gw.log if e.startswith("wait:")) + " seconds"
              gw.stop(); task.cancel(); await asyncio.gather(task, return_exceptions=True)
      return count, outcome

  async def main():
      without = GUILDS | GUILD_MESSAGES | DIRECT_MESSAGES
      print("intents without MESSAGE_CONTENT:", without, "| sent in IDENTIFY:", await identify_with(without))
      print("intents with MESSAGE_CONTENT   :", DEFAULT_INTENTS, "| sent in IDENTIFY:", await identify_with(DEFAULT_INTENTS))
      for code, meaning in ((1011, "internal error (transient)"), (4014, "privileged intent not enabled")):
          count, outcome = await run_close(code)
          print(f"close code {code} ({meaning}): connections made = {count}, result: {outcome}")
  asyncio.run(main())

Run with:  py ex1.py

Output:

  intents without MESSAGE_CONTENT: 4609 | sent in IDENTIFY: 4609
  intents with MESSAGE_CONTENT   : 37377 | sent in IDENTIFY: 37377
  close code 1011 (internal error (transient)): connections made = 4, result: still trying to reconnect, waits so far: 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.40 seconds
  close code 4014 (privileged intent not enabled): connections made = 1, result: GatewayFatal (closed with code 4014: demo)

WHY THIS WORKS AS AN ANSWER
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The fake gateway sends Hello, reads the client's first frame (Identify) and records it, so the intents number the client really sent is visible: 4609 (guilds 1 + guild messages 512 + direct messages 4096) without the privileged bit and 37377 with MESSAGE_CONTENT (32768) added.
After a transient close (1011) the client reconnects, but each failed attempt waits longer than the last: 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, then 0.40 seconds (the demo uses tiny numbers and a 0.4 cap; real defaults are 1 second doubling to 60). Without that growth the loop would reconnect as fast as the server could refuse, and Discord limits Identify to 1,000 a day.
After close code 4014 (a privileged intent is not enabled) the client makes exactly one connection and raises GatewayFatal with the code in the message, because reconnecting cannot change a setting in the Developer Portal. The 4014 meaning is from Discord's gateway documentation; the 1011 case is just "some close that is not on the fatal list".